In-process inspection for qualification of FDM 3D printed parts

3D打印已经成为工业4.0（智能-虚拟-数字工厂）的重要技术。这个过程**一层一层地创建3D部件。长丝被连续地送入挤压喷嘴，材料在到达喷嘴之前被加热到熔融状态，因此它可以沉积在平台上。**近年来，3D打印机在工业应用方面得到了显著改进；然而，在制造过程中没有自动化和强大的质量控制。熔融沉积建模**(FDM) 3D打印机诱导缺陷（缺陷）到最终零件考虑其公差。在工业应用中，公司根据缺陷的形状、位置和大小制定了自己的要求和标准来接受或拒绝零件。为了实现FDM 3D打印的潜力，需要对制造过程进行自动实时监控。**由于FDM 3D打印机是一层一层地制造零件，所以建议也要一层一层地检查零件是否有缺陷。考虑到复合材料无损检测（NDI）技术的范围，以及它们的优缺点，可以研究非接触式激光线扫描仪。**检验的输出数据需要与输入CAD文件和切片机的数据进行比较。可以研究材料沉积（厚度）和方向（磁珠取向）。参与3D打印**的加拿大公司将受益于这项技术，可以根据客户提供的**要求自动制造零件并进行检查。航空航天、汽车、生物医药保健行业就是一些例子。

3D printing has become and important technology in Industry 4.0 (smart-virtual-digital factory). The process**creates a 3D part layer by layer. A filament is continuously fed into an extrusion nozzle and the material is**heated to a molten state before it reaches the nozzle, so it can be deposited onto the platform.**3D printers have been significantly improved over recent years for industrial applications; however, there is no**automated and robust quality control in-process inspection during fabrication. Fused Deposition Modeling**(FDM) 3D printers induce imperfections (defects) into the final parts considering their tolerances. In industrial**applications, companies developed their own requirements and standards to either accept or reject parts based**on the shape, location, and the size of the defects. To fulfill the potentials of FDM 3D printing, automatic**real-time monitoring of the fabrication process is required.**Since FDM 3D printers manufacture a part layer by layer, it is proposed to also inspect the part layer by layer**for any defects. Considering the range of Non-Destructive Inspection (NDI) techniques for composites, and**their advantages and shortcomings, non-contact laser line scanners can be investigated. Output data from**inspection needs to be compared with data from input CAD file and the slicer. The material deposition**(thickness) and direction (bead orientation) can be investigated. Canadian companies involved in 3D printing**will benefit from this technology and can manufacture their parts and inspect them automatically against**requirements provided by their customers. Aerospace, automotive, biomedical healthcare industry are some**examples.