A Physical demand-driven design system in modular construction

建筑在本质上主要是体力活动，活动通常在不舒服的环境中进行，并且速度很快。在建设中，传统的理论和实践主要集中在改进项目管理（PM），以协助项目计划和控制，以提高生产力。这往往忽视了项目生命周期中生产任务的生理需求——这些任务可能超出工人的生理能力。这一问题导致建筑工人患与工作有关的肌肉骨骼疾病（WRMSDs）的风险比其他行业的工人高出约50%。wrmsd约占建筑行业非致命伤害的34%，导致每人每年离开工作岗位的中位数为8天，而建筑行业所有非致命伤害和疾病病例的中位数为6天。考虑到上游的起源，通过适当的设计变更，可以减少60%的施工事故。在这方面，物理需求驱动的设计模型和工具的发展可以促进生产力和安全性的提高，其结果是减少运动（非增值活动）和风险（由于工人执行的尴尬活动）的浪费。***拟议研究计划的长期目标是将物理需求整合到设计（例如，车间图纸）和施工方法（例如，任务程序）中，以提高整个项目生命周期的安全性和生产率。短期研究目标是：(1)开发一个评估框架，该框架能够量化任务的物理需求如何与设计和操作变量相互作用，以及当这些变量发生变化时对生产率和安全性的影响（例如，人体工程学风险水平）；(2)开发一个物理需求驱动的设计系统，通过设计变更来提供任务的最佳情况，从而最大限度地减少浪费。通过明确设计、物理需求和施工方法之间的关系，并在规划阶段早期将物理需求应用到设计中，以防止正在进行的操作中的人体工程学风险或施工方法，从而实现本研究计划中所描述的目标，将有助于将安全和方法工程相结合的知识进步。虚拟模型作为本研究的关键，与运动数据采集的智能和物理需求组件相关联，并提出设计和/或方法仿真，从而大大降低任务的潜在伤害风险。通过这项研究，早期施工方法的人体工程学评估导致的早期应用设计变更将为加拿大建筑部门带来更大的效益和降低的成本。

Construction is predominantly physical in nature, with activities typically executed in uncomfortable environments and at a fast pace. In construction, traditional theories and practices focus mainly on improving Project Management (PM) to assist in project planning and control for productivity improvement. This tends to overlook the physical demands of production tasks during the lifecycle of a project—tasks which can exceed the physiological capability of the worker. This issue results in construction workers being exposed to an approximately 50% higher risk of suffering from work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) than workers in other industries. WRMSDs account for approximately 34% of nonfatal injuries in the construction industry, resulting in a median of 8 days per person per year away from work, compared with 6 days for all nonfatal injury and illness cases in the construction industry. By considering their origin upstream, construction accidents can be reduced by 60% through appropriate design changes. In this respect, the development of physical demand-driven design models and tools can contribute to productivity and safety improvement, with the result of reducing waste of motions (non-value-adding activities) and risk (due to awkward activities performed by the workers).***The long-term objective of the proposed research program is to integrate physical demands into design (e.g., shop drawing) and construction methods (e.g., task procedures) for safety and productivity improvement throughout the lifecycle of a project. The short-term research objectives are: (1) to develop an evaluation framework which is able to quantify how physical demands of tasks interact with the design and operational variables, as well as the influence on productivity and safety (e.g., ergonomic risk levels) when these variables are changed; and (2) to develop a physical demand-driven design system which provides the best-case scenarios of tasks through design changes that minimize waste. The achievement of the goals described in this research proposal will contribute to knowledge advancement in combining safety and method engineering by formulating the correlation between design, physical demands, and construction methods and applying physical demands into design in the early in the planning phase for preventing the ergonomic risks or construction methods in ongoing operations for continuous improvement. The Virtual model as a key in this research is linked with the intelligent and physical demand components for motion data acquisitions and proposed design and/or method simulation so that the potential injury risks of tasks can be dramatically reduced. Through this research, the early application design changes resulting from early ergonomic assessment of construction methods will result in greater benefits and reduced costs for Canada's construction sector.