Managing risk in global supply chains

虽然全球化使公司能够变得高度具有成本效益，但它也使公司面临越来越大的风险。最近，与管理全球供应链相关的风险已经成为企业面临的一个重大问题。全球供应链更容易受到极端天气和世界偏远地区地缘政治问题造成的“中断”的影响。消费者也越来越多地认为，全球品牌应该为遥远供应商的行为负责。企业还面临来自受污染的投入品或其他问题的“质量风险”，这些问题可能会导致代价高昂的产品召回。*虽然一些企业可能会通过放弃全球采购来应对日益增加的风险，但在可预见的未来，全球采购的好处可能会持续下去。为了应对不断增加的风险，企业将需要重新思考如何管理供应链。*拟议研究的长期目标是通过以下方式提高加拿大和全球企业缓解和管理其全球供应链面临的风险的能力：(1)开发新的供应链模型，帮助企业和研究人员了解全球供应链面临的新风险和新风险的潜在影响；(2)使用这些模型来分析评估替代风险缓解和风险管理方法的影响；以及(3)提出公司可以实施的新的风险缓解和风险管理方法。*在这一广泛的目标范围内，该建议将侧重于三个主题：(1)整个供应链的风险管理激励的一致性；(2)除了传统的运营方法外，通过考虑财务和其他风险缓解工具来综合风险管理的方法；(3)研究政府政策在缓解供应链风险中的作用。*与合著者和学生一起，本研究议程中的一些项目已经启动。*第一个项目是关于管理供应链中的声誉风险。具体地说，公司应该如何设计合同，激励供应商不仅将成本降至最低，而且以将任何声誉风险降至最低的方式做到这一点？*第二个项目是关于保险在供应链风险管理中的作用。保险单在保护公司免受产品召回等风险方面的有效性如何？购买保险将如何影响公司和供应商的决策？*第三个项目是关于政府监管在管理和减轻供应链风险方面的作用。私营企业和政府机构应该如何协调他们的行动，以实现对企业和整个社会都有利的结果？*本研究使用的主要方法是运筹学、博弈论、经济模型和契约理论。然而，鉴于这一主题的跨学科性质，还将使用经济学、金融学和其他商业学科的工具。

While globalization has enabled firms to become highly cost efficient, it has also exposed firms to increasing risk. Recently, the risks associated with managing global supply chains have become a significant issue for firms. Global supply chains are more exposed to “disruptions” caused by extreme weather and geo-political problems in distant parts of the world. Customers are also increasingly holding global brands responsible for the actions of far-flung suppliers. Firms also face “quality risks” from contaminated inputs or other problems that can, for example, lead to costly product recalls.******While some firms may respond to increasing risk by turning away from global sourcing, the benefits of global sourcing is likely to persist in the foreseeable future. To deal with increasing risk, firms will therefore need to rethink how they manage supply chains.******The long-term objective of the proposed research is to improve the ability of Canadian and global firms to mitigate and manage the risks facing their global supply chains by: (1) developing new supply chain models to help firms and researchers understand the potential impact of new and emerging risks facing global supply chains; (2) using these models to analytically evaluate the impact of alternative risk mitigation and risk management approaches; and (3) proposing new risk mitigation and risk management methods that firms can implement.******Within this broad objective, this proposal will focus on three themes: (1) the alignment of risk management incentives across the supply chain; (2) an integrated approach to risk management by considering financial and other risk mitigation tools in addition to traditional operational approaches; (3) studying the role of government policy in supply chain risk mitigation.******Along with co-authors and students, some projects that form part of this research agenda have already been started.******The first project is on managing reputational risk in supply chains. Specifically, how should firms devise contracts that incentivize suppliers to not just minimize cost but to do it in a way that minimizes any reputational risk?******The second project is on the role of insurance in supply chain risk management. How effective are insurance policies in protecting firms against risks such as product recalls? How will the purchase of insurance affect the decisions of firms and suppliers?******The third project is on the role of government regulation in managing and mitigating supply chain risk. How should private firms and government agencies coordinate their actions to achieve an outcome that is beneficial to the firm and to society at large?******The primary methodological approaches used in this research will be operations research, game theory, economic modeling and contract theory. However, given the interdisciplinary nature of this topic, tools from economics, finance, and other business disciplines will also be used.