The effect of reservoir operation on circulation, turbidity and productivity in Carpenter Reservoir, BC

该项目考察了卡彭特水库，它是桥河水电系统的关键组成部分，是不列颠哥伦比亚省第三大水电系统，位于不列颠哥伦比亚省西南部的惠斯勒和利卢埃特之间。流入卡彭特水库的细磨岩石颗粒（冰川粉）含量很高，沉淀缓慢，形成具有乳白色（浑浊）特征的水。高冰川浊度限制了光线的穿透，这可能会减少藻类的生长，进而限制渔业生产力。****我们的长期目标是了解水库运行变化对水库生态生产力的影响以及对下游水体的影响。短期目标是了解储层作业变化对Carpenter储层浊度、温度、营养物质和初级产能的影响。水库运行的变化将包括满足电力市场需求的高流量、极端气候（如冬季高积雪）以及冰川融化减少等长期趋势。****为了解决这个问题，我们将与Limnotek研究与发展公司合作。我们计划将实地数据和计算机建模相结合。广泛使用的储层模型ce - quality - w2将用于确定一系列储层操作方案对浊度、光照、温度和营养物质的影响，然后将这些因素用于估计储层的初级产能。将详细研究模拟的生产力变化背后的物理过程，例如急剧下降的流入量、光照限制、营养物质运输、温度分层和停留时间。该项目将使卑诗水电公司了解卡彭特水库的生态功能，并为用水规划提供所需的知识，以有效地平衡最佳发电与社会和生态价值。＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊

This project examines Carpenter Reservoir, the key component of the Bridge River hydroelectric system - B.C. Hydro's third largest - located between Whistler and Lillooet in south-west British Columbia. Inflows to Carpenter Reservoir are high in finely ground rock particles (glacial flour) which are slow to settle, and which give rise to water with a characteristic milky (turbid) appearance. High glacial turbidity limits the penetration of light, which can reduce algal growth and, in turn, limit fisheries productivity.****Our long term goal is to understand the effect of changes in reservoir operation on the ecological productivity of the reservoir and the effect on downstream water bodies. The short term goal is to understand the effect of changes in reservoir operations on turbidity, temperature, nutrients and primary productivity in Carpenter Reservoir. Changes in reservoir operation will include high flows to meet demand in electricity markets, extremes in climate such as a winter with a high snow pack, and long term trends such as reduced glacial melt.****To address this question, we will collaborate with Limnotek Research and Development Inc. We plan to use a combination of field data and computer modelling. A widely used reservoir model, CE-QUAL-W2, will be used to determine the effect of a range of reservoir operation scenarios on turbidity, light, temperature and nutrients, and these factors will then be used to estimate primary productivity in the reservoir. The physical processes underlying the modelled changes in productivity - such as plunging inflows, light limitation, nutrient transport, temperature stratification and residence time - will be examined in detail. The project will benefit BC Hydro in understanding the ecological function of Carpenter Reservoir, and provide the understanding needed for water use planning to effectively balance optimal power production against social and ecological values. ************