Innovative application of micro-pulse Lidar technology to boundary-layer Air Quality issues

大气气溶胶（有时称为颗粒物）来源于许多自然来源，包括海水喷雾（海盐颗粒），火山爆发，沙尘暴和森林火灾。来自工业的颗粒排放，包括发电、家庭供暖和运输部门的燃烧过程，也是重要的和不断增长的来源。描述气溶胶的分布和传输对于理解全球气候变化（粒子对全球气候有直接（辐射）和间接（云微物理）影响）以及确定对空气质量，能见度，航空和人类健康的影响至关重要。这项拟议的研究重点关注使用相对新颖的微小微脉冲激光雷达（MMPL）技术对颗粒物进行环境测量。这一遥感技术通常以向上指向的方式使用，以检查大尺度和低层大气中10-12公里深度的气溶胶迁移情况。在这里，重点是在近地面（所谓的边界层）和小尺度（例如，城市、高速公路），这些都是直接关系到健全的空气质量管理战略，保护环境和人类健康在加拿大的发展。本研究包括两条主线。首先，将开发适用于广泛边界层问题的LiDAR技术的部署（包括水平和移动的模式）、应用和数据处理的新技术。其次，拟议的研究将展示，评估和应用这些新技术与几个重要的和了解甚少的环境现象和过程。例如，通过以水平指向模式部署激光雷达仪器，将研究运煤列车在产生煤尘方面的作用，以确定煤尘漂移和沉积的空间维度。总之，拟议工作的重点是开发新型激光雷达技术及其在一系列紧迫环境问题中的应用。这些新方法的开发和演示将适用于其他地理环境，并将激光雷达的应用扩展到更广泛的问题（例如工业，运输和林业部门的羽流影响）。此外，它还将提高激光雷达在特定应用中的快速部署能力，包括灾害（例如森林火灾、工业和运输部门的意外泄漏和火灾）。最后，这项工作将为评价和完善数字和统计模型提供重要的观测基础，并有助于为政策制定提供健全的科学基础。

Atmospheric aerosols (sometimes referred to as Particulate Matter) originate from numerous natural sources including sea spray, (sea salt particles), volcanic eruptions, dust storms, and forest fires. Emissions of particles from industry including power generation, domestic heating, and combustion processes in the transport sector are also important and growing sources. Describing the distribution and transport of aerosols is critically important to understanding Global Climate Change (particles have both direct (radiative), and indirect (cloud microphysics) impacts on Global climate) as well as identifying impacts on air quality, visibility, aviation, and human health at the local and regional scales. This proposed research focuses on the environmental measurement of particulate matter using the relatively novel technology of mini-micro-pulse LiDAR (MMPL). This remote sensing technology is typically used in upward pointing mode to examine transport of aerosols at large scales and through a depth of 10-12 km in the lower atmosphere. Here, the focus is on measurements near ground (the so-called boundary layer) and at small scales (eg. cities, highways) that are of direct relevance to the development of sound air quality management strategies that protect environmental and human health in Canada. The research includes two main threads. Firstly,  novel techniques will be developed for the deployment (including horizontal and mobile modes), application and data processing of LiDAR technology that is applicable to a wide range of boundary layer issues. Secondly, the research proposed will demonstrate, evaluate and apply these novel techniques in relation to several important and poorly understood environmental phenomena and processes. For example, by deploying the LiDAR instrument in horizontally pointing mode, the role of coal trains in generating coal dust will be investigated in order to define the spatial dimensions of coal dust drift and deposition. In summary, the proposed work is focused on the development of novel LiDAR techniques and their application to a suite of pressing environmental issues. The development and demonstration of these novel approaches will be applicable in other geographical contexts and broaden the application of LiDAR to a wider range of issues (e.g impacts of plumes from industrial, transport and forestry sectors). Furthermore, it will enhance the capability for rapid deployment of LiDAR for specific applications including disasters (e.g forest fire, accidental releases and fires in the industrial and transportation sectors). Finally, this work will form an important observational basis for the evaluation and refinement  of numerical and statistical models, and contribute to a sound scientific basis for policy development.**