Nonperturbative Dynamics in the Standard Model and Beyond

过去的十年是标准模型（SM）的胜利，它是强 * 和电弱相互作用的场论框架。两个高潮事件是：a）在相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）上创造了夸克-胶子物质的解除禁闭阶段; B）在大型强子对撞机（LHC）上发现了125 GeV的希格斯玻色子。除此之外，在过去的几十年里，物理学中看似不同的领域，如凝聚态物理学和相对论物理学，发生了显著的重叠。这在石墨烯（一个原子厚的碳原子片）中表现得尤为明显。在相对论场论中揭示的克莱因悖论、超临界电荷的动力学以及狄拉克质量在磁场中的动态生成（磁催化）等众所周知的现象，首先在石墨烯的研究中被观察到。尽管如此，SM理论中仍然存在未解决的问题，例如夸克和 * 轻子的质量谱的起源，以及有限密度，有限温度和外部电磁场中的量子色动力学（QCD）相图。这些问题与量子场论中的非微扰动力学（nonperturbative dynamics）有关，这些动力学至今仍不为人所知，或知之甚少。该项目将致力于以下三个主要方向的非微扰动力学研究：a）外部电磁场中致密相对论性物质的 * 动力学及其在重离子 * 碰撞和天体物理学中的表现（磁星），B）夸克和 * 轻子的质量谱的起源问题，c）我还计划利用量子场论中发展的先进方法继续研究石墨烯、狄拉克和外尔半金属等类似相对论的凝聚态系统 *（值得注意的是，狄拉克半金属是最近在2013年秋季生产的）。本项目所取得的成果将与以下方面有关：a）理解致密星的物理学，* 特别是磁星，以及RHIC和LHC实验中的重离子碰撞; B）理解夸克和轻子质量的起源 * 以及Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa质量矩阵; c）描述石墨烯和Dirac/Weyl半金属中的动力学和输运 * 现象。

The last decade was triumphal for the Standard Model (SM), which is the field theoretical framework for strong***and electroweak interactions. The two culminating events were: a) the creation of the deconfinement phase of***the quark-gluon matter at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and b) the discovery of the 125 GeV Higgs***boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Besides that, during past decades, a remarkable overlap of such***seemingly different areas in physics as condensed matter and relativistic physics took place. It was especially***clearly manifested in graphene (one atom thick sheet of carbon atoms). Such well known phenomena as the***Klein paradox, the dynamics of a supercritical charge, and the dynamical generation of a Dirac mass in a***magnetic field (magnetic catalysis), revealed in relativistic field theory, were first observed in studies of***graphene.******Still, there are unresolved problems in the SM theory, such as the origin of the mass spectrum of quarks and***leptons, and the phase diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at finite density, finite temperature, and***in external electromagnetic fields. These problems are connected either with still unknown or poorly understood***nonperturbative dynamics in quantum field theory.******This project will be devoted to studies of nonperturbative dynamics in the following three main directions: a) the***dynamics of dense relativistic matter in external electromagnetic fields and its manifestations in heavy ion***collisions and astrophysics (magnetars), b) the problem of the origin of the mass spectrum of quarks and***leptons, and c) I am also planning to continue the studies of such relativistic like condensed matter systems***as graphene and Dirac and Weyl semimetals by using advanced methods developed in quantum field theory***(it is noticeable that Dirac semimetals were produced very recently, in the fall of 2013).***The results obtained in this project will be relevant for: a) understanding the physics of compact stars,***in particular, magnetars, and for heavy ion collisions at the RHIC and LHC experiments; b) understanding the origin***of quarks and lepton masses and Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa mass matrix; c) description of dynamics and transport***phenomena in graphene and Dirac/Weyl semimetals.**