Electrochemical drug sensing with hydrophobic compound-adapted aptamers**

吸毒对公众健康和安全造成许多不利影响（过量、车祸、犯罪.）。因此，对非法药物走私和驾驶期间药物使用的简单和快速检测至关重要。后者在预期的2018年大麻合法化的背景下尤其重要，伴随着所谓的“驾驶时零容忍”政策，目前还没有适当的检测技术。检测通常依赖于非最佳目标。例如，研究表明，为了评估大麻引起的驾驶障碍，使用THC（大麻的主要活性成分）和代谢的THC分子的比例会更合适。与此同时，可卡因的挥发性衍生物对侦查毒品走私更为有用。 目前大多数便携式技术使用抗体，这些抗体不能从其代谢物中识别THC，也不能与来自毒品的最挥发性化合物（如可卡因衍生物）结合。这些药物及其衍生物的疏水性给寻找识别它们的生物传感分子带来了技术难题。我们计划用修饰的适体（其是以定制的选择性识别目标分析物的DNA分子）结合到用于结合事件的转导的电化学平台来克服这一挑战。预计拟议的进展将导致生物传感器用于简单，廉价，超灵敏和快速的药物检测，这将有助于打击毒品走私，并为驾驶员提供急需的大麻测试工具。 与两家公司的合作伙伴关系以及为实现这些目标而组建的团队结合了高水平的专业知识和基础设施，为学生和PDF的培训提供了出色的环境。此外，它将有助于保持加拿大在适体和生物传感研究的前沿，并提供技术来解决加拿大当前的问题。

Drug usage is responsible for numerous adverse effects on public health and safety (overdoses, car accidents, crime...). Accordingly, simple and rapid detection of illicit drug smuggling and of drug usage during driving is of paramount importance. The latter is particularly relevant in the context of the expected 2018 marijuana legalization, accompanied with a so-called "zero-tolerance while driving" policy for which appropriate detection-technology is not currently available. Detection often relies on non-optimal targets. For example, studies indicate that to evaluate driving impairment induced by cannabis, it would be more appropriate to use a ratio of THC (the main active ingredient of marijuana) and metabolized THC molecules. In parallel, volatile derivatives of cocaine are more useful for detection of drug smuggling.** Most of the current portable technologies use antibodies, which do not discern THC from its metabolites and do not bind to the most volatile compounds derived from drugs (like cocaine derivatives). The hydrophobicity of these drugs and their derivatives poses technical problems to find biosensing-molecules that recognize them. We plan to overcome this challenge with modified aptamers (which are DNA molecules that recognize target analytes with a tailored selectivity) combined to an electrochemical platform for transduction of the binding event. The proposed advances are expected to lead to biosensors for simple, cheap, ultrasensitive and rapid drug detection which will help counter drug smuggling and provide much needed tools for cannabis testing for drivers.** The partnership with the two companies involved and the team put together to achieve these goals combines high level expertise and infrastructures that will provide an outstanding environment for the training of students and PDFs. In addition, it will contribute to keep Canada at the forefront of aptamer and biosensing research as well as provide technologies to solve very current problematics in Canada.******