Adaptive thermal management of data centres

云服务和高性能计算的快速增长刺激了它们的支持物理基础设施，即数据中心（dc）的快速增长。虽然更强大的计算设备促进了这一点，但它们的冷却系统并没有得到类似的发展，导致冷却效率低下，这源于：(1)使用空气作为冷却剂，尽管它的热性能很差；(2)无法根据需求的时空变化调节冷却能力。拟议的研究将创造一种开创性的自适应直流冷却系统，该系统将匹配直流冷却需求的时空变化，从而提供显着的节能并降低总拥有成本。这一发展将通过以下方式实现：(1)监控无线温度、湿度、压力和流量传感器网络的系统，该系统实时监控空气和液体、CPU工作负载和能源消耗，(2)基于传感器数据自适应控制冷却能力的控制系统，以及(3)由散热元件和热总线组成的易于控制的新型冷却硬件系列。这里提出的独特的冷却系统架构将最小程度地影响典型的现有直流基础设施，从而允许廉价和无缝采用。该技术将由我们的行业合作伙伴Cinnos Mission Critical Inc.商业化，为他们的产品提供约1.165亿美元的新收入流，到2021年将创造220多个就业岗位。此外，它将通过提高其能源效率和减少占地面积，使其旗舰模块化直流产品SMC-X更具竞争力。除了直接的商业效益外，该项目还将推进热交换器增材制造和纳米流体结构-性能关系方面的科学知识。该项目通过降低能源消耗和开发低环境影响的替代冷却剂，为加拿大带来了巨大的环境效益。此外，在DC设计和运营方面拥有独特和高需求专业知识的人力资本的发展将推动加拿大DC行业的发展。* * * * * *

The rapid growth of cloud services and high performance computing has spurred meteoric growth of their supporting physical infrastructure, known as Data Centres (DCs). While this has been facilitated by more powerful computing equipment, their cooling systems have not evolved similarly, leading to poor cooling efficiency that originates from (1) use of air as coolant despite its poor thermal properties, and (2) inability to regulate cooling capacity based on spatiotemporal changes in demand. The proposed research will create a pioneering adaptive DC cooling system that will match the spatiotemporal variations in cooling demand across a DC, thereby providing significant energy savings and reducing total cost of ownership. This development will be enabled by (1) a system that monitors a network of wireless temperature, humidity, pressure, and flow sensors for air and liquid, and CPU workload and energy consumption in real time at several locations across the facility, (2) a control system that adaptively controls cooling capacity based on sensor data, and (3) a novel family of easily controllable cooling hardware consisting of heat removal elements and thermal buses. The unique cooling system architecture proposed here will minimally impact the typical existing DC infrastructure, thereby allowing inexpensive and seamless adoption. The technology will be commercialized by our industry partner Cinnos Mission Critical Inc., adding ~116.5M new revenue stream to their product offering which will create 220+ jobs by 2021. In addition, it will make their flagship modular DC product SMC-X more competitive by improving its energy efficiency and reducing real-estate footprint. Apart from immediate commercial benefit, the project will advance scientific knowledge in additive manufacturing of heat exchangers, and structure-property relations of nanofluids. The project outcomes promise substantial environmental benefit to Canada by reducing energy consumption and developing alternative coolants with low environmental impact. Further, the development of human capital with unique and high-demand expertise in design and operation of DCs will drive the growth of the Canadian DC industry. ******