Knowledge Extraction via Learning Processes and Data Models with Imprecision

网络代表着一个巨大的信息库。每天都有大量的结构化和非结构化数据来源在增长。毫无疑问，我们对数据的依赖不断增加。然而，数据量的增加——尽管被认为是积极和有益的事实——产生了一个更大的问题，与我们充分利用这些数据的能力有关。这种情况增加了开发适合高级数据处理的自动和更有效方法的压力，从而导致创建逻辑结构，将原始数据“提升”到类似知识的水平。幸运的是，我们正处于数据在网络上的表示和存储方式发生重大而深远变化的开端。知识图的概念成为表达数据块及其之间关系的一种新方式。资源描述框架——语义网最基本的方面之一——被认为是表示知识图最合适的数据格式。***本项目重点研究基于网络数据和信息以及从文献中提取的知识图谱的构建、更新和利用过程。本项目的一个关键创新点是融合了web技术、基于模糊的技术以及范畴论和拓扑的概念，充分利用资源描述框架内在的互联性来探索数据，并为知识综合过程奠定基础。这些活动将导致建立连贯的知识创造过程的雏形。简而言之，所提出的方法侧重于以下步骤形成知识丰富的结构：1)从文档中提取信息，并以包含特定信息块的所谓信息知识图的形式表示；2)对这些图进行聚类和泛化，构建概念知识图；3)考虑到不同数据块的不精确和置信水平，通过使用聚合和数据同化技术的增量更新来维护这两种类型的图；4)以概念知识图为基础，以拓扑内部逻辑的形式构造逻辑结构，并将其与信息图联系起来，以达到验证和认知的目的。***预计该项目将在旨在建立新一代系统的方法方面产生重大贡献，这些系统支持用户从网络收集数据并对其进行处理以创造知识。这将导致知识系统的发展，能够验证从数据中提取的信息的正确性，并在此基础上合成新的概念。***总体而言，该项目包括加拿大IT领域最先进的研究和HQP培训。

The web represents an immense repository of information. A number of sources of structured and even more often unstructured data is growing every day. There is no doubt that our dependency on data increases continuously. However, the increased amount of data - although recognized as positive and beneficial fact - creates an even bigger issue related to our ability to fully utilize that data. That situation increases the pressure to develop automatic and more efficient approaches suitable for advanced processing of data leading to creating logic structures that ‘lifting' raw data into a knowledge-like level. ***Fortunately, we are at the onset of significant and far-reaching changes in the way data are represented and stored on the web. The concept of knowledge graphs becomes a new way of expressing pieces of data and relations between them. Resource Description Framework - one of the most fundamental aspects of the Semantic Web - is recognized as the most suitable data format for representing knowledge graphs. ***The proposed research project puts a special emphasis on processes of constructing, updating and utilizing knowledge graphs built based on data and information obtained on the web and extracted from documents. A key innovation of this project is a fusion of web technologies, fuzzy-based techniques, and concepts of category theory and topos to fully explore data taking advantage of Resource Description Framework's intrinsic interconnectivity, and setting up a basis for knowledge synthesis processes.***These activities will lead to establishing coherent rudiments of knowledge creation processes. In a nutshell, the proposed methodology focuses on forming knowledge-rich structures following the steps: 1) extracting information from documents and representing it in a form of so-called information knowledge graphs that contain specific pieces of information; 2) clustering and generalization of those graphs leading to construction of conceptual knowledge graphs; 3) maintaining both types of graphs via incremental updates using aggregation and data assimilation techniques taking into account imprecision and confidence levels in different pieces of data; and 4) constructing logic structures in a form of internal logic of topos based on conceptual knowledge graphs and linking those structures with information graphs for validation and cognitive purposes.***It is expected that the project will lead to significant contributions in methodologies aiming at building a new generation of systems that support the users in their activities related to collecting data from the web, and processing it towards creation of knowledge. This will lead to development of knowledge systems capable of validating correctness of information extracted from data, and synthesizing new concepts based on it.***Overall, the project encompasses state-of-the-art research and HQP training in an important for Canada IT area.