Development of Cost-Effective Accelerated Bridge Construction in Skew and Right Alignments

使用预制构件和系统来加快新桥梁的建设和更换损坏的桥梁，最近已经成为桥梁管辖区非常关注和感兴趣的主题。预制元件和系统可以快速组装，可以减少设计工作，减少对现场附近环境的影响，并最大限度地减少延误和车道关闭时间以及对旅行公众的不便，节省时间和纳税人的钱。其中一种系统涉及全深、全宽、预制混凝土桥面板，该桥面板横向放置在钢梁或混凝土梁上，并提供灌浆槽，以容纳焊接到钢梁或嵌入混凝土梁中的剪力连接件组。加拿大公路桥梁设计规范没有提供足够的指导或规范，这种预制桥梁系统的经济设计，在斜交和正确的路线。文献综述揭示了一些重要的未解决的分析，设计和性能问题，需要详细的评价。这些问题包括：（i）在预制桥面板铺设期间，非组合式桥梁在施工阶段的斜向定线恒载和活载分布系数;（ii）组合式桥梁在极限正常使用和疲劳极限状态下的斜向定线活载分布系数;（iii）与单根螺柱应用相反，螺柱群在极限和疲劳极限状态下的能力，（iv）在桥跨内采用预制板与预制板连接，以提高强度和长期耐用性（即漏水）;（v）预制板与板之间的连接，在负弯矩区采用带头端的玻璃纤维聚合物（GFRP）钢筋和UHPC，以增加组合梁在极限和疲劳极限状态下的强度;（vi）对实际桥梁进行跟进实地研究，以核实货车荷载分布的有限元素计算机模型，并观察系统各组成部分在实地实际情况下的相互作用。 ** 本研究的目的是通过开发经过实验校准的、基于计算机的分析模型来促进此类预制桥梁的有效设计，该模型能够准确预测其因施工顺序、卡车荷载历史和环境条件而产生的响应。未来5年的拟议研究计划将促进与安大略交通部的互动，该交通部将提供在安大略建造的具有全深度、全宽度桥面板的桥梁数据，并促进现场测试。从长远来看，更可靠和更经济的表达式和方法，设计这种预制桥梁系统将产生可能包括在加拿大公路桥梁设计规范。这项研究预计将导致一个更经济的预制桥梁设计过程，与潜在的显着节省成本的桥梁业主。 现场数据和全尺寸实验结果将为桥梁设计师提供有意义的反馈，从而产生新一代最小维护桥梁，详细说明固有耐久性。

The use of prefabricated elements and systems in accelerating construction of new bridges and replacement of deteriorated ones has recently been the subject of much attention and interest amongst bridge jurisdictions. Prefabricated elements and systems can be quickly assembled and could reduce design efforts, reduce the impact on the environment in the vicinity of the site, and minimize the delays and lane closure time and inconvenience to the traveling public, saving time and tax payers' money. One of these systems involve full-depth, full width, precast concrete deck slab placed transversally over steel or concrete girders where grout pockets are provided to accommodate clusters of shear connectors welded to steel girders or embedded in concrete girders. The Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code does not provide enough guidance or specifications for the economical design of such prefabricated bridge system in skew and right alignments. Literature review revealed a number of important unresolved analysis, design and performance issues which require detailed evaluation. These issues include: (i) the dead and live load distribution coefficients for non-composite bridges in skew alignment at construction stage during precast deck placement; (ii) live load distribution coefficients for composite bridges in skew alignment at ultimate serviceability and fatigue limit states; (iii) capacity of stud clusters at ultimate and fatigue limit states as opposed to single stud applications, incorporating ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) in shear puckets; (iv) precast panel-to-panel connection within bridge span for strength and long-term durability (i.e. water leakage); (v) precast panel-to-panel connection, incorporating glass fibre polymer (GFRP) bars with headed ends and UHPC at the negative moment region to add to the strength of the composite girder at ultimate and fatigue limit states; (vi) follow-up field study on actual bridges to verify the finite-element computer modeling for truck load distribution and to observe interaction of the various system components under actual field conditions. **The aim of this research is to contribute to the efficient design of such prefabricated bridges by developing experimentally calibrated, computer based, analytical models capable of predicting accurately their response due to sequence of construction, truck load history and environmental conditions. The proposed research program for the next 5 years fosters interaction with the Ontario Ministry of Transportation that will provide data on bridges built in Ontario with full-depth, full-width, deck panels and facilitate field testing. In the long term, more reliable and economical expressions and methodology for design of such prefabricated bridge system will be generated for possible inclusion in the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code. This study is expected to result in a more economical prefabricated bridge design process, with potentially significant cost savings to bridge owners. Field data and full-scale experimental results will provide a meaningful feedback to bridge designers, leading to a new generation of minimal maintenance bridges, detailed for inherent durability.