Comprehensive Building Performance Monitoring: Supporting Outcome-Based Design and Construction Provisions

建筑能耗占加拿大温室气体排放量的28%。为了减少建筑物对环境的影响，并改善居住者的健康和舒适性，管理建筑设计的法规和标准变得越来越严格。对这些规定的遵守情况是在建筑物入伙前进行评估的，因此我们假设建筑物完全按照设计工作，但事实并非如此。建筑、运营和居住者行为的影响导致了具体表现与实际表现之间的差距。这种性能差距具有严重的后果，包括阻碍监管部门努力减少建筑物对环境的影响，影响高性能建筑评级系统的可信度，并给业主带来关于建筑性能及其投资的长期价值的不确定性。*要消除性能差距，需要进行创新研究以进一步开发代码。优先事项是研究支持制定基于成果的能源守则，其中遵从性是以实际入住后业绩数据为基础的。这种基于结果的方法也可以扩展到管理乘员舒适度和室内空气质量的其他标准。实施这一监管方法的一个关键障碍是缺乏建筑性能数据。这些数据显示了现行规定所产生的绩效，对于为注重成果的方法设定具体和现实的绩效目标至关重要。*多伦多正处于房地产热潮之中，目前最大比例的新住宅是由高层公寓提供的。虽然按照现行规定建造，但这些高釉建筑让居住者感到不舒服，一些建筑已经出现了性能问题。鉴于这一领域的非凡增长和投资，多伦多新建的高层公寓将成为本研究的重点。然而，这些发现适用于全球人口密度不断增加的城市地区。*拟议研究的目的是通过开发和分析案例研究建筑中基于套式传感器和能量计的全面长期监测数据，确定不同建筑构件的实际性能和指定性能之间的差距，以制定基于结果的规范和标准。*这项研究将产生数据和建议，以支持政策制定者根据实际性能而不是预期性能开发更稳健的建筑设计模型。设计界的其他利益相关者(能源建模师、工程师和架构师)将通过访问组件级别的性能数据来受益，这些数据是他们的模型的基础。业主和居住者将受益于更舒适和健康的室内环境，其性能可靠地达到规范和标准设定的水平。**

Building energy use is responsible for 28% of Canada's greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce the environmental impact of buildings as well as improve occupant health and comfort, codes and standards governing building design are becoming increasingly stringent. Compliance with these provisions is assessed before the building is occupied and so we assume buildings perform exactly as designed, but this is not the case. The impact of construction, operation and occupant behavior contribute to a gap between specified and actual performance. This performance gap has serious consequences including impeding regulatory efforts to reduce the environmental impact of buildings, affecting the credibility of high performance building rating systems and creating uncertainty for the owners about building performance and the long-term value of their investment. ******To eliminate performance gaps, innovative research to further code development is required. Research to support the development of outcome-based energy codes, where compliance is based on actual post-occupancy performance data, is a priority. This outcome-based approach can also be extended to other standards governing occupant comfort and indoor air quality. A key barrier to implementing this regulatory approach is the lack of building performance data. These data, demonstrating the performance resulting from current provisions, are essential to set specific and realistic performance goals for outcome-based approaches. ******Toronto is in the midst of a housing boom and the largest proportion of new dwellings is currently provided by high-rise condominiums. While built to conform to current provisions, these highly-glazed buildings are uncomfortable for occupants and some buildings are already experiencing performance issues. Given the extraordinary growth and investment in this sector, Toronto's newly constructed high-rise condominiums will be the focus of this research. However, the findings are applicable in urban regions around the globe where population densities are increasing.******The aim of the proposed research is to determine the gaps between actual and specified performance of different building components by developing and analyzing comprehensive long-term monitoring data from suite-based sensors and energy sub-meters in case study buildings, to create outcome-based codes and standards. ******This research will result in data and recommendations to support policy makers with the development of a more robust model of building design based on actual rather than projected performance. Other stakeholders in the design community (energy modelers, engineers and architects) will benefit by having access to component-level performance data on which to base their models. Owners and occupants will benefit from a more comfortable and healthy indoor environment that reliably performs to the level set by codes and standards. **