Development of Acoustical Oceanographic Techniques

声音在水下传播的距离比无线电波远得多。因此，在空中使用无线电波的应用，如雷达，必须使用海洋中的声音。这一事实，沿着小型、高性能计算系统的发展，使得水下声学系统的许多新应用成为可能。 该研究计划旨在探索在海洋学研究中使用水下声音-特别是多普勒声纳技术的机会。多普勒声纳系统应用警用雷达使用的相同原理，通常用于测量水流。我们建议将现有的多普勒系统应用于新的应用，并开发新的多普勒系统，用于现有技术不足的地方。 在这项研究计划中，考虑了三个新的速度测量领域;近海底速度，鱼的速度测量和深水珊瑚出现的水速度。 正在研制新的仪器，以测量海底以上10厘米处的水流速度。现有的仪器无法进行这种近海底测量，但需要它们来了解风暴对海滩的侵蚀，并预测必须从港口疏浚的淤泥的移动。现有的多普勒系统通常不包括来自鱼类的信号，但通过分析这些信号，有可能提取鱼类游动速度;这种能力将为渔业监管机构提供关于鱼类种群移动的宝贵数据。 第三个应用领域是测量洋流，加拿大东海岸300米至2 500米深处有深水珊瑚。更好地了解深水珊瑚生长所需的环境，对于制定可限制近海捕捞造成的损害的管理战略至关重要。 拟议研究的结果将影响加拿大未来的重要政策和法规;测量沙运动是港口维护计划的核心，可持续渔业需要明智的管理，需要保护深水珊瑚栖息地以维持健康的海洋生态系统。

Sound can travel much greater distances underwater than radio waves. As a result, applications which use radio waves in the air, such as radar, must use sound in the ocean. That fact, along with advances in small, high performance computing systems, is making many new applications of underwater acoustic systems possible.** This research program seeks to explore opportunities using underwater sound - specifically the technique of Doppler sonar - in oceanographic studies. Applying the same principles used by police radar, Doppler sonar systems are routinely used for measuring water currents. We propose to apply existing Doppler systems to new applications and to develop new Doppler systems for use where existing technology is inadequate.** Three new areas of velocity measurement are considered in this research program; near bottom speeds, fish speed measurements, and water speeds where deep-water corals occur. New instruments are being developed to measure water velocity in the 10 cm above the ocean floor. Such near bottom measurements are not possible with existing instrumentation, but they are needed to understand the erosion of beaches in storms and to predict the movement of silt that must be dredged from harbours. Existing Doppler systems normally exclude signals from fish, but by analysing those signals, it is possible to extract fish swimming velocity; such a capability would provide fisheries regulators with valuable data on the movement of fish populations. A third area of application is the measurement of ocean currents where deep-water corals occur at depths between 300 m and 2500 m on the east coast of Canada. An improved understanding of the environment needed for deep-water coral growth is essential to developing management strategies that can limit damage caused by offshore fishing.** The results of the proposed research will impact future policy and regulations important to Canada; measurement of sand movement is central to harbour maintenance programs, sustainable fisheries require informed management, and protection of deep water coral habitat is needed to maintain healthy ocean ecosystems.********************