A Physical demand-driven design system in modular construction

建筑本质上主要是体力活动，活动通常在不舒服的环境中快速进行。在建筑业，传统的理论和实践主要集中在改进项目管理(PM)，以辅助项目计划和控制，以提高生产率。这往往会忽视生产任务在项目生命周期中的实际需求，因为生产任务可能会超出工人的生理能力。这一问题导致建筑工人患与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病(WRMSD)的风险比其他行业的工人高约50%。WRMSD约占建筑业非致命伤害的34%，导致每人每年离开工作岗位的中位数为8天，而建筑业所有非致命伤害和疾病病例的中位数为6天。考虑到它们的上游来源，通过适当的设计更改，建筑事故可以减少60%。在这方面，物理需求驱动的设计模型和工具的开发可以有助于提高生产率和安全性，从而减少动作(非增值活动)和风险(由于工人进行的尴尬活动)的浪费。*拟议研究计划的长期目标是将物理需求整合到设计(例如施工图)和施工方法(例如任务程序)中，以在项目的整个生命周期中提高安全性和生产率。短期研究目标是：(1)开发一个评估框架，能够量化任务的物理需求如何与设计和操作变量相互作用，以及当这些变量改变时对生产率和安全的影响(例如，人体工学风险水平)；以及(2)开发物理需求驱动的设计系统，通过最大限度地减少浪费的设计更改，提供任务的最佳情况。通过阐述设计、物理需求和施工方法之间的关系，并在规划阶段的早期将物理需求应用到设计中，以防止持续运营中的人体工程学风险或施工方法，实现本研究方案中描述的目标的实现，将有助于促进安全和方法工程相结合的知识进步。虚拟模型作为研究的重点，与运动数据采集的智能和物理需求组件相联系，并提出了设计和/或方法仿真，从而大大降低了任务的潜在伤害风险。通过这项研究，通过对施工方法进行早期人体工程学评估而产生的早期应用设计更改，将为加拿大的建筑业带来更大的收益和更低的成本。

Construction is predominantly physical in nature, with activities typically executed in uncomfortable environments and at a fast pace. In construction, traditional theories and practices focus mainly on improving Project Management (PM) to assist in project planning and control for productivity improvement. This tends to overlook the physical demands of production tasks during the lifecycle of a projecttasks which can exceed the physiological capability of the worker. This issue results in construction workers being exposed to an approximately 50% higher risk of suffering from work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) than workers in other industries. WRMSDs account for approximately 34% of nonfatal injuries in the construction industry, resulting in a median of 8 days per person per year away from work, compared with 6 days for all nonfatal injury and illness cases in the construction industry. By considering their origin upstream, construction accidents can be reduced by 60% through appropriate design changes. In this respect, the development of physical demand-driven design models and tools can contribute to productivity and safety improvement, with the result of reducing waste of motions (non-value-adding activities) and risk (due to awkward activities performed by the workers).***The long-term objective of the proposed research program is to integrate physical demands into design (e.g., shop drawing) and construction methods (e.g., task procedures) for safety and productivity improvement throughout the lifecycle of a project. The short-term research objectives are: (1) to develop an evaluation framework which is able to quantify how physical demands of tasks interact with the design and operational variables, as well as the influence on productivity and safety (e.g., ergonomic risk levels) when these variables are changed; and (2) to develop a physical demand-driven design system which provides the best-case scenarios of tasks through design changes that minimize waste. The achievement of the goals described in this research proposal will contribute to knowledge advancement in combining safety and method engineering by formulating the correlation between design, physical demands, and construction methods and applying physical demands into design in the early in the planning phase for preventing the ergonomic risks or construction methods in ongoing operations for continuous improvement. The Virtual model as a key in this research is linked with the intelligent and physical demand components for motion data acquisitions and proposed design and/or method simulation so that the potential injury risks of tasks can be dramatically reduced. Through this research, the early application design changes resulting from early ergonomic assessment of construction methods will result in greater benefits and reduced costs for Canada's construction sector.