Numerical and Experimental Studies of Natural Convective Heat Transfer from Horizontal and Near Horizontal Plane Heated Surfaces of Various Shapes

在许多与计算机无关的设备中使用的电子元件需要冷却才能有效地工作。虽然这些设备的冷却不会像计算机系统那样带来严重的困难，但确保足够的热管理可能是一项挑战。这些组件，例如工业测量系统中的组件，由于其高可靠性和成本效益，通常通过自然对流冷却。充分的热管理需要了解在这种设备中出现的情况下存在的自然对流传热率。本研究计划旨在通过为此类冷却系统的设计提供广泛的重要的新基础信息来实现这一目标。考虑的情况是那些发生在现实世界的电子元件冷却的简化模型。组件将被建模为嵌入周围平面的各种形状的扁平加热元件，并且在大多数情况下假设是水平的。***建议的研究领域，涉及数值和实验工作，如下：****1获得层流、过渡流和湍流存在的条件下的一系列单元形状的传热结果。将生成描述结果的实用方程。***2研究波浪形表面是否能提高水平元件的传热率。***3当多个水平单元靠近在一起时，相邻表面上流动的相互作用会发生，影响传热速率。这种影响将被研究。***4研究元件表面存在的热条件对传热速率的影响。***5研究具有平行覆盖表面的水平单元的传热率。***6研究元件与水平倾斜小角度时的传热速率。***7确定如果传热发生在纳米流体而不是空气中，是否可以增加元件的传热速率。****研究结果对涉及非计算机电子元件的工业系统的设计者具有相当大的价值。这些结果将为他们提供改进和更广泛的方法来估计传热率，这将允许更准确地预测组件的工作温度。这将允许设计更有效和成本更低的系统，从而可能提高加拿大在这一领域的工业竞争力。研究结果也将促进有关自然对流流动类型的基本知识。该研究项目涉及申请人及其研究小组具有丰富经验和专业知识的领域。****参与这项研究的HQP将在涉及新的和具有挑战性的问题的领域获得经验和技术专长，并获得使用先进数值和实验程序的经验。他们将为工业界或学术界的职业生涯做好充分的准备

Electronic components used in many non-computer related devices require cooling in order to operate effectively. While cooling of such devices does not pose difficulties as severe as those arising in computer systems, ensuring adequate thermal management can be challenging. Such components, e.g. those in industrial measuring systems, are often cooled by natural convection due to its high reliability and cost effectiveness. Adequate thermal management requires knowledge of the natural convective heat transfer rates that exist in situations arising in such devices. This research program aims to accomplish this by providing a wide range of important new basic information for use in the design of such cooling systems. Situations considered are simplified models of those occurring in real-world electronic component cooling. Components will be modeled as flat heated elements of various shapes embedded in a surrounding flat surface, and in most cases, assumed to be horizontal.***Proposed study areas, which involve numerical and experimental work, are:****1   Obtain heat transfer results for conditions where laminar, transitional and turbulent flow exists for a range of element shapes. Practical equations that describe the results will be generated.***2  Study whether wavy shaped surfaces can increase the heat transfer rate from a horizontal element.***3   When multiple horizontal elements are close together, interaction of the flows over adjacent surfaces can occur affecting the heat transfer rates. This effect will be studied.***4  Investigate the effect of thermal conditions existing at the element surface on the heat transfer rate.***5  Study the heat transfer rate from a horizontal element with a parallel shrouding surface over it.***6  Study the heat transfer rate when the element is inclined at a small angle to the horizontal.***7  Determine if the heat transfer rate from an element can be increased if heat transfer occurs to a nanofluid rather than air. ****The outcomes will be of considerable value to designers of industrial systems involving non-computer electronic components. These outcomes will provide them with improved and more extensive methods for estimating heat transfer rates which will allow the more accurate prediction of operating temperatures of the components. This will permit more efficient and lower cost systems to be designed and hence will potentially enhance Canada's industrial competitiveness in this field. The results will also advance basic knowledge of the type of natural convective flows involved. This research program involves work in an area in which the applicant and his research group have extensive experience and expertise. ****HQP involved in this research will gain experience and technical expertise in areas involving new and challenging problems and gain experience in the use of advanced numerical and experimental procedures. They will be well prepared for careers in either industry or academia.**