Total Stormwater Resolution via Multiple Scale Research and Integration

城市雨水是加拿大水道中洪水和污染物的主要来源。低影响发展方案(LID)是流行的城市雨水管理技术，从水文和环境方面模拟自然表面，以减少或消除污染物负荷，如总悬浮固体、营养物质、有机物、重金属、碳氢化合物(油和油脂)和有害细菌。它们还可以通过延长保留时间来降低峰值流量和延迟流量。盖子可以为环境提供零暴雨影响，并有可能将雨水转化为有益的资源。然而，由于完全缺乏关于其物理功能的信息，目前LID是以特别的方式实施的。因此，他们的表现无法预测，也无法进行规划。缺乏信息的部分原因是用于研究盖子功效的方法，这通常是在实验室环境中进行的，性能评估是基于对盖子出来的东西和进入盖子的东西进行比较的。这些方法并不能提供关于盖子中实际发生的水处理情况的信息。*这项研究将通过进行现场规模的实验来监控盖子运行时盖子内的过程，从而提高我们对盖子功能的了解。将对盖子进行单独和组合的研究，以提出集成盖子的系统，该系统利用单个盖子的不同功能和处理雨水的方式。所获得的知识将为城市雨水管理人员提供性能最佳、可预测、只需最少的操作和维护并保持低成本的解决方案。他们将通过各种物理、化学和生物过程来处理雨水，以增强可持续性和美学价值。预期的研究成果包括：关于在短期和长期内导致盖子发挥作用的现场规模过程的明确信息；通过雨水管理的整体方法实现所需雨水目标的综合盖子系统的设计参数；以及完全消除传统管道排水系统的可能性。这项研究有可能为加拿大市政当局节省数百万美元的雨水管道修复费用，以及与暴雨洪水相关的破坏费用。

Urban stormwater is a major source of flood water and pollutants in Canadian waterways. Low Impact Development options (LIDs) are popular urban stormwater management technologies that mimic a natural surface hydrologically and environmentally to reduce or eliminate pollutant loads such as total suspended solids, nutrients, organic matter, heavy metals, hydrocarbons (oil and grease) and harmful bacteria. They also reduce peak flowrates and delay flow volumes by lengthening retention times. LIDs can provide zero stormwater impact to the environment and potentially turn stormwater into a beneficial resource. However, currently LIDs are implemented in an ad hoc manner due to a complete lack of information on how they physically function. Therefore, their performance cannot be predicted and planning cannot be conducted. This lack of information is partly due to the methodology employed to study the efficacy of LIDs, which is usually in a laboratory setting and performance is assessed based and comparing what goes out to what comes into the LID. These approaches do not provide information on what is actually happening in the LID to treat the water.***This research will advance our knowledge of LID function by conducting field scale experimentation that monitors processes within the LID while it is in operation. The LIDs will be studied individually and in combination in order to propose systems of integrated LIDs that exploit the varying ways that individual LIDs function and treat stormwater. The knowledge gained will provide solutions to urban stormwater managers that are optimal in performance, predictable, require minimal operation and maintenance, and keep costs low. They will treat stormwater through a variety of physical, chemical and biological processes that enhance sustainability and aesthetic value. The expected research outcomes include definitive information on the field scale processes that lead to functioning LIDs in the short and long term; design parameters for integrated LID systems that achieve desired stormwater objectives through a holistic approach to stormwater management; and the potential to eliminate conventional piped drainage systems altogether. This research has the potential to save Canadian municipalities millions of dollars in stormwater pipe rehabilitation costs and the costs associated with damage from stormwater flooding.***********