Synthesis, Stereochemistry and Catalysis in Organosulfur Chemistry

每一位发明家都需要一个背景知识数据库，他/她可以从中提取信息。这些信息与发明者的想法、想象力和技能相结合，创造出一种新的工艺或产品。如果信息数据库不能增长，发明者很快就会用完对这个创造性谜题至关重要的新的智力“原材料”。假以时日，我们的社会将不再是经济、技术或文化上的进步。在化学领域，发明往往包括新的药品、材料、食品和家庭和农场的新产品。发明还可以包括以更经济和/或环境友好的方法生产现有产品的新工艺*。例如，化学数据库包含有关化学中的基本化学反应和成键理论的信息。通常，为数据库做出贡献的研究人员无法预测他们的信息何时或如何用于新的化学发明。*拟议的研究将扩大与含硫化合物反应有关的知识。这些广泛的项目如下：*1.拟议的化学将扩大我们对分子现有的成键(立体化学)如何在碳-硫和碳-氮键形成过程中产生的知识。预计将发现新的立体化学环境，为有机化学界提供更多的工具。*2.我们正在建议制备具有重要生物意义的含硫化合物。其中两种化合物对于理解稀有氨基酸的生物合成很重要。获得这些化合物将使生物化学家能够快速收集有关酶如何发挥作用的信息。另一个目标是香菇中含有硫磺的成分，它在蘑菇煮熟时会散发出香味。它的制备应该可以增加对其化学转化为蘑菇味道的理解。*3.我们建议扩展我们已经建立的硫化学工具，以创建新的配体。配体是一类能够促进金属催化的碳-碳键形成反应的化合物。然后，我们将能够按照我们的配体准备并执行这些碳-碳键形成反应，这样分子就可以构建特殊的立体化学特征。

Every inventor requires a background database of knowledge from which he/she draws information. That information is combined with the inventor's idea, imagination and skill to produce a new process or product. If the database of information was not able to grow, inventors would soon run out of new intellectual "raw materials" that are so essential to the inventive puzzle. In time, our society would no longer be economically, technologically or culturally progressive. In the chemical field, inventions often include new pharmaceuticals, materials, food products and new products for the home and farm. Inventions could also include new processes****to produce established products by substantially more economical and/or environmentally friendly methods. The chemistry database contains, for example, information regarding fundamental chemical reactions and theories of bonding in chemistry. Often, a researcher contributing to the database is unable to predict when or how their information will be utilized in new chemical inventions.*******The investigations proposed will expand the knowledge pertaining to reactions of sulfur containing compounds. The broad projects are as follows:****1. The proposed chemistry will expand our knowledge of how existing bonding attachments (stereochemistry) of molecules result during the formation of carbon-sulfur and carbon-nitrogen bonds. It is expected that new stereochemical environments will be found, providing additional tools to the organic chemistry community.****2. We are proposing the preparation of selected biologically important sulfur containing compounds. Two of these compounds are important to understanding the biosynthesis of rare amino acids. Access to these compounds will permit biochemists to quickly gather information about how enzyme are able to function. The other target is the sulfur containing component of shiitake mushroom that impart flavours when the mushroom is cooked. Its preparation should permit increased understanding of its chemical conversions to the flavours of the mushroom.****3. We propose to expand our already established sulfur chemistry tools to create new ligands. Ligands are compounds that can facilitate metal-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond forming reactions in a myriad of reactions. We will then be in a position to follow our ligand preparation and execute those carbon-carbon bond forming reactions so molecules can be constructed special stereochemical features.***