Factors influencing the sorption and mineralization of pesticides, antimicrobials and estrogens in soil.

我已建立的研究计划侧重于加拿大农作物生产中使用的杀虫剂，以及由于使用牲畜粪便或人类排泄物而引入农业土壤的抗菌剂和雌激素。杀虫剂、抗菌剂和雌激素在环境中的分布和消散途径相当相似，当这些化合物被输送到地表水和地下水中时，这些化合物会降低加拿大水资源的质量。加拿大政府使用农药命运模型来评估农药对水资源构成的风险。在当前模型使用的计算中，假设土壤中农药的吸附随着时间的推移是恒定的。然而，在现实中，土壤中的农药吸附随着时间的推移而继续增加(即老化的吸附)，因此需要将这一信息纳入监管评估。在接下来的五年里，对于选定的农药，这项研究将量化土壤质地和土壤景观变异性对老化吸附参数值的影响，然后加拿大政府可以使用这些参数值作为输入，以改进农药命运模型计算。生物炭是生物质热解产生的富含碳的固体残留物。有人提出，生物炭可以减缓农药、抗菌剂和雌激素从农业土壤向水中的迁移，并在水和废水处理过程中去除这些污染物。然而，仍然存在许多问题，因此，通过包括方法开发在内的一系列项目，这项研究将促进关于生物炭如何与土壤和水系统中的杀虫剂、抗菌剂和雌激素相互作用的知识。受训者将研究生物炭改良剂是否(如果是的话)可以影响这些有机化学品的微生物降解率，以及随着时间的推移，生物炭是否会影响农药的吸收。这类研究将考虑到土壤中生物炭的物理化学特性可能随着时间的推移而变化的可能性，并将调查这些变化如何影响吸附和微生物降解过程。这项研究将为一名博士后研究员、两名博士、两名硕士提供机会。和五个B.Sc.让学生接受农业和环境部门潜在雇主高度需要的技术技能的全面培训。他们的研究结果将有助于加拿大政府提高预测的农药从土壤到水的迁移的准确性。他们的工作还将有助于确定在加拿大作物生产系统以及水和废水处理战略中使用生物炭应用是否有优势。研究成果将发表在国际期刊上，以影响一系列学科科学家未来的工作。

My established research program focuses on pesticides applied in Canadian crop production, and on antimicrobials and estrogens that are introduced to agricultural soils because of applications of livestock manures or human wastes. The pathways by which pesticides, antimicrobials and estrogens distribute and dissipate in the environment are relatively similar and, when transported to surface and ground waters, these compounds decrease the quality of Canadian water resources. The Canadian government uses pesticide fate models in assessing the risks that pesticides pose to water resources. In the calculations used by current models, the sorption of pesticides in soil is assumed to be constant over time. However, in reality, pesticide sorption in soil continues to increase over time (i.e., aged sorption) and so this information needs to be integrated into regulatory assessments. Over the next five years, for selected pesticides, this research will quantify the impact of soil-textures and soil-landscape variability on the values of aged sorption parameters that can then be used by the Canadian government as inputs in order to improve pesticide fate model calculations. Biochars are solid carbon-rich residues derived through the pyrolysis of biomass. It has been proposed that biochars can mitigate the movement of pesticides, antimicrobials and estrogens from agricultural soils to water, and also remove these contaminants during water and wastewater treatment. However, many questions remain and so, through a range of projects, including method development, this research will advance the knowledge of how biochars interact with pesticides, antimicrobials and estrogens in soil and water systems. Trainees will examine whether (and, if so, how) biochar amendments can impact the rate of microbial degradation of these organic chemicals, and also whether biochars can impact pesticide sorption over time. Such studies will take into consideration the possibility that the physicochemical characteristics of biochars in soil may change over time, and will investigate how these changes could impact sorption and microbial degradation processes. The research will provide opportunities for one postdoctoral fellow, two Ph.D., two M.Sc. and five B.Sc. students to receive comprehensive training in technical skills that are in high demand by potential employers within agricultural and environmental sectors. Their research findings will assist the Canadian government in improving the accuracy of the predicted pesticide transport from soil to water. Their work will also help to determine whether there are advantages to using biochar applications in Canadian crop production systems, and in water and wastewater treatment strategies. The research results will be published in international journals to impact the future work of scientists in a range of disciplines.