Highly-efficient and smart Power Electronics Systems for long-lasting energy storage Systems in smart grid applications

电力和交通部门是温室气体排放量最大的部门。尽管加拿大的电力是世界上最清洁的，但交通运输排放是加拿大温室气体排放的最大来源，占总温室气体的24%。***目前世界范围内的激励措施刺激了电动汽车的发展。预计到2040年，这类车辆的数量将呈指数级增长，达到每年3000万辆。电动汽车效率更高，而且直接排放很少。然而，它们都依赖于电力部门产生的能源。这意味着交通运输产生的温室气体排放转移到了电力部门。为了真正减少这种排放，应该利用风能和太阳能等可再生能源生产更多的电力。***将更多可再生能源纳入电网的一个主要问题是太阳能和风能的间歇性会降低电网的性能。能源储存将为相对不灵活的电网提供灵活性，并将使可再生能源的大规模部署成为可能，而不会威胁到电网的稳定性或电力质量。由于电动汽车生产的推动和有预谋的电动汽车数量的增长，电动汽车的车载牵引电池是最有前途的储能手段。***本研究计划旨在引进和设计创新的高效电力电子系统，并发明下一代基于电动汽车技术的分布式储能和能量转换设备，用于公用事业规模和车辆到电网（V2G）储能系统。这些电力电子和控制系统将主要依赖于本地参数，不需要通信链路。这将是一个非常重要的成就，因为它一直是微电网和智能电网应用中的一个具有挑战性的问题。***拟议的研究将有利于能源整合，可再生能源发电和转换器微电网等快速发展领域的多个研究流。预计工业和科学家，特别是电力和运输部门将从该项目的成果中受益。能源利用效率的提高将使人民和决策者在经济上受益。由于温室气体排放量的显著减少，所有加拿大人都能从空气质量的改善中受益，从而提高生活质量。***建议的研究将直接支持5名研究生的培养。此外，每年将对2-3名大四本科生（四年级）进行该项目的各方面培训。参与的学生将在电力电子电路、控制系统、电力电子仿真工具和基于FPGA的数字控制技术的高级设计方面发展研究技能。

Electricity and transportation sectors are accountable for producing the largest amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although Canada generates the cleanest worldwide electricity, emission from transportation is the largest contributor to Canada's GHG emissions, representing 24% of overall GHGs. ***Current worldwide incentives have spurred the development of Electric Vehicles (EVs). It is expected that the number of such vehicles will grow exponentially, to 30 million annually by 2040. Electric Vehicles are more efficient and have few direct emissions. However, they all rely on energy generated by the electricity sector. This implies that the GHG emission from transportation is moved to the electricity sector. To truly reduce this emission, more electricity should be produced from renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. ***A major problem in integrating more renewables into the power grid is the intermittent nature of solar and wind energies that reduces the performance of the power grid. Energy storage will provide flexibility to a relatively inflexible grid and will enable a larger scale deployment of renewable energies, without threatening the grid stability or power quality. Due to a push in producing EVs and a premeditated grow in the number of these vehicles, on-board traction batteries of EVs are the most promising means for energy storage. ***This research proposal aims to introduce and design innovative highly-efficient power electronics systems and the invention of next-generation devices for distributed energy storage and energy conversion based on EV technology for both utility scale and Vehicle to Grid (V2G) energy storage systems. These power electronics and control systems will mostly rely on local parameters and need no communication link. This will be a very important achievement since it has been a challenging issue in microgids and smart grid applications. ***The proposed research will be advantageous for multiple research streams in the rapidly growing areas of energy integration, renewable generation, and converter enabled microgrids It is expected that industry and scientists, specifically electricity and transportation sectors will benefit from the outcome of this project. People and policymakers will benefit economically due to an improvement in the efficient use of energy. Because of significant GHE reductions, all Canadians can benefit from the improved air quality, and as a result, a better quality of life.***The proposed research will directly support the training of 5 graduate students. In addition, 2-3 senior undergraduate students (4th year) will be trained annually on various aspect of this project. The participating students will develop research skills in advanced design of power electronics circuits, control systems, power electronics simulation tools, and FPGA based digital control techniques.