Nonperturbative Dynamics in the Standard Model and Beyond

过去十年是标准模型（SM）的胜利，它是强**和电弱相互作用的场论框架。两个高潮事件是：a)在相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）上创造了夸克-胶子物质的解定义阶段，b)在大型强子对撞机（LHC）上发现了125 GeV的希格斯***玻色子。除此之外，在过去的几十年里，凝聚态物理和相对论物理等看似不同的物理学领域发生了显著的重叠。这一点在石墨烯（单原子厚的碳原子片）中表现得尤为明显。相对论场论中揭示的克莱因悖论、超临界电荷动力学、狄拉克质量在磁场中的动力学生成（磁催化）等著名现象，都是在对石墨烯的研究中首次观察到的。******但是，在SM理论中仍有一些未解决的问题，如夸克和***轻子的质谱起源、有限密度、有限温度下的量子色动力学（QCD）相图、外加电磁场中的***等。这些问题与量子场论中尚不为人所知或知之甚少的非摄动动力学有关。******本项目将致力于以下三个主要方向的非摄动动力学研究：A)外部电磁场中致密相对论物质的动力学及其在重离子碰撞和天体物理学（磁星）中的表现；b)夸克和轻子的质谱起源问题；c)我还计划利用量子场论中开发的先进方法，继续研究像石墨烯和Dirac和Weyl半金属这样的相对论性凝聚态系统***（值得注意的是，Dirac半金属是最近在2013年秋天生产的）。***在这个项目中获得的结果将与：a)理解致密恒星的物理学，特别是磁星，以及在RHIC和LHC实验中的重离子碰撞；b)了解夸克和轻子质量的起源以及Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa质量矩阵；c)石墨烯和Dirac/Weyl半金属中的动力学和输运现象的描述

The last decade was triumphal for the Standard Model (SM), which is the field theoretical framework for strong***and electroweak interactions. The two culminating events were: a) the creation of the deconfinement phase of***the quark-gluon matter at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and b) the discovery of the 125 GeV Higgs***boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Besides that, during past decades, a remarkable overlap of such***seemingly different areas in physics as condensed matter and relativistic physics took place. It was especially***clearly manifested in graphene (one atom thick sheet of carbon atoms). Such well known phenomena as the***Klein paradox, the dynamics of a supercritical charge, and the dynamical generation of a Dirac mass in a***magnetic field (magnetic catalysis), revealed in relativistic field theory, were first observed in studies of***graphene.******Still, there are unresolved problems in the SM theory, such as the origin of the mass spectrum of quarks and***leptons, and the phase diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at finite density, finite temperature, and***in external electromagnetic fields. These problems are connected either with still unknown or poorly understood***nonperturbative dynamics in quantum field theory.******This project will be devoted to studies of nonperturbative dynamics in the following three main directions: a) the***dynamics of dense relativistic matter in external electromagnetic fields and its manifestations in heavy ion***collisions and astrophysics (magnetars), b) the problem of the origin of the mass spectrum of quarks and***leptons, and c) I am also planning to continue the studies of such relativistic like condensed matter systems***as graphene and Dirac and Weyl semimetals by using advanced methods developed in quantum field theory***(it is noticeable that Dirac semimetals were produced very recently, in the fall of 2013).***The results obtained in this project will be relevant for: a) understanding the physics of compact stars,***in particular, magnetars, and for heavy ion collisions at the RHIC and LHC experiments; b) understanding the origin***of quarks and lepton masses and Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa mass matrix; c) description of dynamics and transport***phenomena in graphene and Dirac/Weyl semimetals.**