Modeling and validation of constructive and destructive solid particle erosion processes

小的高速固体颗粒的多次冲击可导致表面在称为固体颗粒侵蚀（SPE）的过程中磨损。破坏性SPE发生在许多工业过程中，其中颗粒由气体或液体携带以冲击部件，例如涡轮机叶片、旋风分离器、管道、管道、泵、阀等。SPE也可以是建设性的，例如当磨料颗粒射流用于加工表面或去除涂层和污染物时。拟议的研究将开发新的模型，可用于预测SPE的建设性和破坏性的应用。** 我们开发的模型将用于提高颗粒增强聚合物基复合材料（PRPMC）的耐磨性，即，包含聚合物基质和陶瓷增强颗粒的材料。PRPMC在工业中被用作保护各种各样的组件。例如，它们可以应用于在处理来自燃烧过程的烟道气期间受飞灰影响的部件，或者用于保护风力涡轮机叶片。类似的材料也被用作军用车辆的轻型装甲。该模型还将用于预测翅片和支柱的形状，这些翅片和支柱可以使用磨料水射流（AWJM）和浆料射流微加工（ASJM）快速有效地加工成金属。这种翅片和柱可以用在用于冷却微电子器件的散热器中。我们还将开发它们可以用作微模具来大规模生产微流体设备的方法。这种装置采用微通道来混合或分离流体，或者在各种生物分析应用中对悬浮在流体中的不同类型的细胞进行分选。这些设备的下一代将是3D的，具有不同深度的通道，AWJM和ASJM是唯一适合加工这些特征的设备。** 最后，模型将用于允许杆上的新型微流体装置的ASJM。微流体装置中的通道通常被蚀刻到平板中。这限制了通道的长度，并因此限制了流体混合、分离或细胞分选可以发生的时间量。在细杆上微加工紧密堆积的螺旋通道将导致对于相同的装置占地面积而言长得多的通道，从而大大提高装置效率。然而，传统的切割工具不能用于在不使细杆弯曲或断裂的情况下加工细杆，并且由于难以制造模板掩模以限定通道，因此难以使用基于化学蚀刻的方法。然而，ASJM可以直接加工棒，而不会使其断裂或弯曲。** 总体而言，这些模型将允许制造新型耐腐蚀材料，从而降低与加拿大工业工厂停工修复磨损部件相关的成本。他们还将允许为不断增长的加拿大微型技术领域的初创公司制造新型3D和杆基设备。

Multiple impacts of small high speed solid particles can cause surfaces to wear away in a process known as solid particle erosion (SPE). Destructive SPE occurs in the many industrial processes where particulates are carried by a gas or liquid to impact components such as turbine blades, cyclones, ducts, pipelines, pumps, valves, etc. SPE can also be constructive, such as when abrasive particle jets are used to machine surfaces or remove coatings and contaminants. The proposed research will develop new models that can be used to predict SPE for both constructive and destructive applications. ******The models we develop will be used to improve the wear resistance of particle reinforced, polymer matrix composites (PRPMCs), i.e., materials that contain both a polymer matrix and ceramic reinforcement particles. PRPMCs are used as protect a wide variety of components in industry. For example, they can be applied to components impacted by fly ash during the treatment of flue gases from combustion processes, or to protect wind turbine blades. Similar materials are also used as lightweight armours for military vehicles.******The models will also be used to predict the shape of fins and pillars that can be rapidly and efficiently machined into metals using abrasive waterjet (AWJM) and slurry jet micro-machining (ASJM). Such fins and pillars can be used in heat sinks used to cool micro-electronic devices. We will also develop ways that they can be used as micro-molds to mass produce microfluidic devices. Such devices employ micro-channels to mix or separate fluids, or to sort different types of cells suspended in the fluids in a variety of bio-analytical applications. The next generation of these devices will be 3D, with channels at different depths, and AWJM and ASJM are uniquely suited to allow the machining of such features. ******Finally, the models will be used to allow ASJM of novel microfluidic devices on rods. The channels in microfluidic devices are normally etched into flat plates. This limits the length of the channels, and thus the amount of time the fluid mixing, separation, or cell sorting can occur. Micro-machining tightly packed helical channels on thin rods would result in much longer channels for the same device footprint, thus greatly increasing device efficiency. However, traditional cutting tools cannot be used to machine thin rods without bending or fracturing them, and chemical etching based methods are difficult to use because of the difficulty in making stencil masks to define the channels. ASJM, however, can directly machine the rods, without fracturing or bending them. ******Overall, the models will allow new types of erosion resistant materials to be made, thus reducing costs associated with shutdowns to repair worn components at Canadian industrial plants. They will also allow new types of 3D and rod-based devices to be made for start-up companies in the growing Canadian micro-technology sector.*****