Next Generation Engineered Electromagnetic Surfaces and Materials

在这个项目中，我们将开发用于最终控制电磁场的下一代工程电磁材料(超材料)和表面(超表面)。在这一努力中，将产生基础科学和理论，将探索和/或发现新现象，并将开创使新应用成为可能的创新结构。将产生的科学和技术旨在应用于从微波到光学频率的四个主要学科：无线通信、超分辨率成像和医疗以及航空航天和国防。*超材料是一种工程结构，可以在它们工作的相应波长的尺度上进行均化，因此可以用介电常数、磁导率和折射率等宏观材料参数来表征。这种工程材料应该具有超越天然材料的特性(因此前缀为“meta”)。例如，现在我们可以合成以负折射率为特征的超材料。同样，超表面是一种工程表面，具有可均化的特性(例如，通过相应的空间变化的阻抗分布)，也具有奇特的特性；例如，它们可以负向弯曲光线，而不会受到任何反射。超表面可以被认为是2D超材料，从而为这一拟议的研究计划提供了一个统一的主题。*将特别强调超曲面，这是一个新兴的研究前沿，我的团队一直是国际领先的团队之一。首先，将开发一种利用惠更斯超表面控制电磁波(无线电波和光)的范式转换方法。这些表面是由并置的电偶极子和磁偶极子组成的工程化表面，因此能够通过“等效原理”(惠更斯原理的推广)完全控制电磁波。这些惠更斯超表面理论的发展将极大地推动工程材料/超表面和电磁学的科学发展，而相应技术的发展将使成像应用超越工业、医疗和生物应用的衍射限制，先进的多频段/宽带/多功能天线用于下一代地面和卫星通信，用于防御和相关公共安全问题的未来主义“隐形斗篷”(例如，避免商用无人机与民用航空飞机相撞)，为笔记本电脑、电视和未来电动汽车充电的无线电力传输设备和网络，使下一代智能手机成为可能的超薄光学透镜，通过捕捉光的米特表面实现的高效太阳能电池，以及用于自动驾驶车辆的小型雷达传感器。**

In this program we will develop the next generation of engineered electromagnetic materials (metamaterials) and surfaces (metasurfaces) for the ultimate control of electromagnetic fields. In this effort, fundamental science and theory will be generated, new phenomena will be explored and/or discovered, and innovative structures to enable new applications will be pioneered. The science and technology to be produced is intended for applications from microwave to optical frequencies in four main disciplines: wireless communications, super-resolution imaging and medical therapy, and aerospace and defense. ******Metamaterials are engineered structures that can be homogenized at the scale of the corresponding wavelength where they operate and can thus be characterized by macroscopic material parameters such as a permittivity, a permeability and a refractive index. Such engineered materials should have properties that transcend those found in natural materials (hence the prefix 'meta'). For example, nowadays we can synthesize metamaterials characterized by a negative index of refraction. Likewise, metasurfaces are engineered surfaces with properties that can be homogenized (e.g. by a corresponding spatially varying impedance distribution) and have also exotic properties; For example they can bend light negatively and without suffering any reflections. Metasurfaces can be thought of as 2D metamaterials thus providing a unified theme for this proposed research program. ******Particular emphasis will be placed on metasurfaces, which is an emergent research front in which my group has been one of the leading groups internationally. Primarily, a paradigm shift approach will be developed for controlling electromagnetic waves (radio waves and light) using Huygens' metasurfaces. These are engineered surfaces composed of collocated electric and magnetic dipoles, thus enabling the full control of electromagnetic waves through "the equivalence principle" (generalization of the Huygens' principle). The developed theory of these Huygens' metasurfaces will greatly advance the science of engineered materials/metasurfaces and electromagnetism, whereas the corresponding technology developed will enable applications in imaging beyond the limits of diffraction for industrial, medical and biological applications, advanced multiband/broadband/multifunctional antennas for the next generation of terrestrial and satellite communications, futuristic "invisibility cloaks" for defence and related public security problems (e.g. to avoid collisions of commercial drones with civil-aviation aircrafts), wireless power transfer devices and networks to charge laptops, TVs and future electric cars, ultrathin optical lenses to enable the next generation of smartphones, highly-efficient solar cells enabled by light-trapping metasurfaces, and small radar sensors for autonomous vehicles.**