Custom-built real-time imaging solutions (I2I - phase 1)

水力压裂和水平钻井极大地改变了北美的能源格局；以前被认为不经济的页岩油田现在得到了广泛开发。水力压裂会产生新的裂缝或打开现有的裂缝，从而改善流体流动，从而改善储层排水。局部岩石破坏或滑动产生声发射，这也被称为微震事件。水力压裂微地震监测是一种常用的监测技术，可以实时记录岩石的变形和破坏信息，以确保水力压裂作业的安全、有效。反向时间外推是一种强大的全波形成像技术，它获取记录的波场，反转时间轴，然后将观测数据反向传播到原始震源位置。这个过程类似于回到过去播放阿莫维尼，看看这一切是如何开始的。该技术已被证明非常适用于反射地震数据的地表下地质成像，但很少应用于微地震数据，因为其计算要求使实时成像具有很大的挑战性。模型阶数的降低可以加快在线计算的数量级，导致成像解决方案更快，大大减少了对现场大量计算能力的需求，以及自动化结果，从而减少了人工劳动。因此，这项新技术承诺在劳动力和现场硬要求方面节省成本。该项目将评估实时微地震监测技术的商业可行性。关于使用降阶系统进行微震事件定位的加拿大专利申请已经提交。

Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have dramatically changed the energy landscape in North America;shale plays that were previously deemed uneconomic are now developed extensively. Hydraulic fracturingcreates new fractures or pops open existing ones, improving fluid flow and thus reservoir drainage. Local rockfailure or slip yields an acoustic emission, which is also known as a microseismic event. Microseismicmonitoring during hydraulic fracturing is a common surveillance technology to record real-time information onin situ rock deformation and failure in order to ensure safe and effective hydraulic fracturing operations.Event localization plays an important role in microseismic monitoring. Reverse-time extrapolation is apowerful full-waveform imaging technique that takes recorded wavefields, reverses the time axis and thenback-propagates the observed data to the original source locations. The procedure is analogous to playing amovie back in time to see how it all started. The technique has proven very robust for imaging subsurfacegeology using reflection seismic data but it is only rarely applied to microseismic data because itscomputational demands render real-time imaging highly challenging.Model-order reduction can accelerate online computations by orders of magnitude, leading to faster imagingsolutions, strongly reduced needs for significant computation power in the field, as well as automated results,thus reducing manual labor. The new technology thus promises cost savings on both labor and hardwarerequirements in the field. This project will evaluate the commercial viability of the technology for real-timemicroseismic monitoring. A Canadian patent application on the use of reduced-order systems for microseismicevent localization has already been filed.