Managing risk in global supply chains

虽然全球化使公司能够提高成本效益，但也使公司面临越来越大的风险。最近，与管理全球供应链相关的风险已成为企业面临的一个重大问题。全球供应链更容易受到世界偏远地区极端天气和地缘政治问题造成的“中断”的影响。消费者也越来越多地要求全球品牌对遥远的供应商的行为负责。企业还面临着来自污染投入或其他问题的“质量风险”，这些问题可能导致昂贵的产品召回。 虽然一些公司可能会通过远离全球采购来应对日益增加的风险，但全球采购的好处在可预见的未来可能会持续下去。为了应对日益增加的风险，企业需要重新思考如何管理供应链。 拟议研究的长期目标是提高加拿大和全球公司减轻和管理其全球供应链面临的风险的能力，方法是：（1）开发新的供应链模型，帮助公司和研究人员了解全球供应链面临的新的和正在出现的风险的潜在影响;（2）使用这些模型分析评估替代风险缓解和风险管理方法的影响;（3）提出公司可以实施的新的风险缓解和风险管理方法。 在这一广泛目标范围内，本提案将侧重于三个主题：（1）在整个供应链中协调风险管理激励措施;（2）除传统的业务方法外，还考虑金融和其他风险缓解工具，采取综合方法进行风险管理;（3）研究政府政策在供应链风险缓解中的作用。 沿着共同作者和学生，一些项目，形成了这个研究议程的一部分已经开始。 第一个项目是管理供应链中的声誉风险。具体来说，企业应该如何设计合同，激励供应商不仅要最大限度地降低成本，而且要以最小化声誉风险的方式来实现？ 第二个项目是关于保险在供应链风险管理中的作用。保险政策在保护公司免受产品召回等风险方面的有效性如何？购买保险将如何影响企业和供应商的决策？ 第三个项目是政府监管在管理和减轻供应链风险方面的作用。私营企业和政府机构应如何协调行动，以实现对企业和整个社会都有利的结果？ 在这项研究中使用的主要方法将是运筹学，博弈论，经济建模和合同理论。然而，鉴于这一主题的跨学科性质，也将使用经济学，金融学和其他商业学科的工具。

While globalization has enabled firms to become highly cost efficient, it has also exposed firms to increasing risk. Recently, the risks associated with managing global supply chains have become a significant issue for firms. Global supply chains are more exposed to “disruptions” caused by extreme weather and geo-political problems in distant parts of the world. Customers are also increasingly holding global brands responsible for the actions of far-flung suppliers. Firms also face “quality risks” from contaminated inputs or other problems that can, for example, lead to costly product recalls. While some firms may respond to increasing risk by turning away from global sourcing, the benefits of global sourcing is likely to persist in the foreseeable future. To deal with increasing risk, firms will therefore need to rethink how they manage supply chains. The long-term objective of the proposed research is to improve the ability of Canadian and global firms to mitigate and manage the risks facing their global supply chains by: (1) developing new supply chain models to help firms and researchers understand the potential impact of new and emerging risks facing global supply chains; (2) using these models to analytically evaluate the impact of alternative risk mitigation and risk management approaches; and (3) proposing new risk mitigation and risk management methods that firms can implement. Within this broad objective, this proposal will focus on three themes: (1) the alignment of risk management incentives across the supply chain; (2) an integrated approach to risk management by considering financial and other risk mitigation tools in addition to traditional operational approaches; (3) studying the role of government policy in supply chain risk mitigation. Along with co-authors and students, some projects that form part of this research agenda have already been started. The first project is on managing reputational risk in supply chains. Specifically, how should firms devise contracts that incentivize suppliers to not just minimize cost but to do it in a way that minimizes any reputational risk? The second project is on the role of insurance in supply chain risk management. How effective are insurance policies in protecting firms against risks such as product recalls? How will the purchase of insurance affect the decisions of firms and suppliers? The third project is on the role of government regulation in managing and mitigating supply chain risk. How should private firms and government agencies coordinate their actions to achieve an outcome that is beneficial to the firm and to society at large? The primary methodological approaches used in this research will be operations research, game theory, economic modeling and contract theory. However, given the interdisciplinary nature of this topic, tools from economics, finance, and other business disciplines will also be used.