Coupled problems for aircraft aerodynamics

加拿大航空运输业正面临着两个重要挑战，一个是减少足迹，另一个是激烈的商业竞争。 飞机设计过程蓬勃发展，包括从概念设计到初步设计和详细设计（即多保真度）阶段的设计工作流程中的所有要求（技术，环境和成本，即多学科），然后再进行认证和交付给客户。 为此，该计划旨在发展多保真度多学科飞机空气动力学领域的知识，以实现数字飞机模型。多学科在这里是故意以空气动力学为中心，其中空气动力学模型耦合到i）热力学，ii）n自由度和iii）弹性模型，以分别允许结冰，极限环/发散特性和颤振分析，这些都是新飞机设计的重要驱动因素。 采用非定常/定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程结合湍流模型（高）和非线性涡格方法（低）结合RANS数据库（中），包括几何表示的进步，实现多保真度。 研究方法结合数值和实验的发展，以确保适当的数值算法和模型的验证。 该计划依赖于合作：首先，合作者是一个学科的专家，确保最先进的方法;其次，预算是明智地利用优秀的繁重的国家设施，以最低的成本为实验和超级计算环境。 本申请人致力于开发新的数值耦合算法，用于设计更有效的飞机所必需的多学科空气动力学分析，其中在亚音速和跨音速流态中观察到非定常现象，包括结冰、动态和弹性现象。 重点是隔离的方法，使用最合适的工具，为单一学科的任务，同时确保下游工业的兼容性。 在申请人实验室的2D URANS和3D UVLM解算器以及3D欧洲URANS解算器NSMB内开发数值算法。 合作者补充了申请人在振动，水平设置和工厂重新配置领域的飞机空气动力学专业知识。 实际目标的新应用是在流动控制领域，如机翼副翼系统或重新配置的多模态非线性能量吸收，以及飞机结冰认证程序。 国际实习和双学位文凭将加强研究生在数值和实验方法方面的培训。 预计该研究计划将导致工业合作研究发展赠款，用于在加拿大和国外更高的技术准备水平的发展。

The Canadian air transport industry is facing two important challenges, one addressing reduced footprint, the other intense commercial competition. Aircraft design process thrives to encompass all requirements (technical, environmental and costs, i.e. multidisciplinary) during the design workflow from conceptual to preliminary and detailed (i.e. multi-fidelity) design phases prior to certification and delivery to customers. To that end, the program aims at developing knowledge in the area of multi-fidelity multidisciplinary aircraft aerodynamics towards digital aircraft models. Multidisciplinary here is purposely aerodynamic-centered, where aerodynamic models are coupled to i) thermodynamic, ii) n-Degree of Freedom and iii) elastic models to allow respectively icing, limit cycle/divergence characterization and flutter analysis that are important drivers in novel aircraft designs. Multi-fidelity is approached with Unsteady/Steady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes coupled to turbulence models (high) and Non-Linear Vortex Lattice methods (low) coupled with RANS database (medium), including advancements in geometry representations. The research methodology combines numerical and experimental developments to ensure appropriate validation of the numerical algorithms and models. The program relies on collaboration: first, collaborators are experts in one discipline, ensuring state-of-the-art approaches; second, the budget is wisely leveraged with outstanding onerous national facilities at minimal costs for the experimental and supercomputing environments. The applicant concentrates on the development of novel numerical coupling algorithms for the multi-disciplinary aerodynamic analyses necessary for the design of more efficient aircraft where unsteady phenomena are observed in subsonic and transonic flow regimes containing icing, dynamic and elastic phenomena. Emphasis is on segregated approaches to use the most appropriate tool for the single-disciplinary tasks while ensuring downstream industrial compatibility. Numerical algorithms are developed within the applicant laboratory 2D URANS and 3D UVLM solvers, as well as within the 3D European URANS solver NSMB. Collaborators complement the applicant's aircraft aerodynamic expertise in the fields of vibration, level-set and plant reconfiguration. Practical targeted novel applications are in the area of flow control, such as multi-modal Non-Linear Energy Sinks for wing-aileron systems or reconfiguration, as well as aircraft icing certification procedures. International internships and dual-degree diplomas will augment training of graduate students in numerical and experimental approaches. It is expected that the research program lead to industrial Collaborative Research Development grants for development at higher Technology Readiness Levels both in Canada and abroad.