A Physical demand-driven design system in modular construction

建筑在本质上主要是物理的，通常在不舒适的环境中以快速的速度进行活动。在施工中，传统的理论和实践主要集中在改善项目管理（PM），以协助项目计划和控制，以提高生产力。这往往忽视了生产任务在项目生命周期中的身体需求，这些需求可能超过工人的生理能力。这一问题导致建筑工人比其他行业的工人患工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病（WRMSDs）的风险高出约50%。WRMSD约占建筑业非致命伤害的34%，导致每人每年平均有8天不工作，而建筑业所有非致命伤害和疾病病例的中位数为6天。考虑到事故的源头在上游，通过适当的设计更改，可以减少60%的建筑事故。在这方面，物理需求驱动的设计模型和工具的开发可以有助于提高生产率和安全性，从而减少运动浪费（非增值活动）和风险（由于工人执行的笨拙活动）。 拟议研究计划的长期目标是将物理需求融入设计（例如，施工图）和施工方法（例如，任务程序），以便在项目的整个生命周期内提高安全性和生产力。短期研究目标是：（1）建立一个评估框架，该框架能够量化任务的物理需求如何与设计和操作变量相互作用，以及对生产率和安全性的影响（例如，（2）发展一个实际需求驱动的设计系统，通过设计改变提供最佳情况下的任务，尽量减少浪费。本研究提案中所述目标的实现将有助于通过制定设计、物理需求和施工方法之间的相关性，并在规划阶段的早期将物理需求应用于设计，以防止正在进行的操作中的人体工程学风险或施工方法，从而促进安全和方法工程相结合的知识进步。虚拟模型作为本研究的关键，与智能和物理需求组件的运动数据采集和建议的设计和/或方法模拟，使潜在的伤害风险的任务可以显着降低。通过这项研究，早期的应用设计的变化所产生的早期人体工程学评估的施工方法将导致更大的利益和降低成本，为加拿大的建筑部门。

Construction is predominantly physical in nature, with activities typically executed in uncomfortable environments and at a fast pace. In construction, traditional theories and practices focus mainly on improving Project Management (PM) to assist in project planning and control for productivity improvement. This tends to overlook the physical demands of production tasks during the lifecycle of a projecttasks which can exceed the physiological capability of the worker. This issue results in construction workers being exposed to an approximately 50% higher risk of suffering from work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) than workers in other industries. WRMSDs account for approximately 34% of nonfatal injuries in the construction industry, resulting in a median of 8 days per person per year away from work, compared with 6 days for all nonfatal injury and illness cases in the construction industry. By considering their origin upstream, construction accidents can be reduced by 60% through appropriate design changes. In this respect, the development of physical demand-driven design models and tools can contribute to productivity and safety improvement, with the result of reducing waste of motions (non-value-adding activities) and risk (due to awkward activities performed by the workers). The long-term objective of the proposed research program is to integrate physical demands into design (e.g., shop drawing) and construction methods (e.g., task procedures) for safety and productivity improvement throughout the lifecycle of a project. The short-term research objectives are: (1) to develop an evaluation framework which is able to quantify how physical demands of tasks interact with the design and operational variables, as well as the influence on productivity and safety (e.g., ergonomic risk levels) when these variables are changed; and (2) to develop a physical demand-driven design system which provides the best-case scenarios of tasks through design changes that minimize waste. The achievement of the goals described in this research proposal will contribute to knowledge advancement in combining safety and method engineering by formulating the correlation between design, physical demands, and construction methods and applying physical demands into design in the early in the planning phase for preventing the ergonomic risks or construction methods in ongoing operations for continuous improvement. The Virtual model as a key in this research is linked with the intelligent and physical demand components for motion data acquisitions and proposed design and/or method simulation so that the potential injury risks of tasks can be dramatically reduced. Through this research, the early application design changes resulting from early ergonomic assessment of construction methods will result in greater benefits and reduced costs for Canada's construction sector.