Temporal Behavior of Low Impact Development Practices in Managing Stormwater

雨水的数量和质量管理对于维持社会功能和健康的生态系统非常重要，因为雨水可能导致有害影响，如洪水和自然水体的水质退化。城市雨水通常通过雨水排水系统和/或管道末端设施（例如，雨水池）。然而，由于快速的城市化和气候变化，传统的管理已经显示出不足和不太有效。最近，加拿大和其他地区的许多城市都倾向于实施低影响开发实践（LID），包括绿色屋顶、生物滞留系统、可渗透路面等，其是小规模的、灵活的、经济的和环境友好的，以补充传统的雨水管理系统。特别是，LID被认为是适应气候变化的无悔做法，因为无论未来气候如何不确定，它们都是有益的。然而，在面对气候变化时，在管理城市雨水方面广泛实施它们之前，仍然有几个障碍需要清除。这些障碍包括缺乏关于其长期业绩的知识，以及在气候变化中业绩的变化和相关的不确定性。因此，工程从业者和各级政府的政策制定者非常希望提高对LID和气候变化的认识，并增强建模工具，以评估气候变化对LID的影响。 因此，拟议方案包括三个主要部分：（1）通过监测和评估，提供关于LID长期绩效的循证知识，并开发预测其长期绩效的模型，（二）增进关于气候预测的时间演变和不确定性的知识，从而改进气候变量的统计降尺度，以供在气候变化影响方面进行任何研究。城市规模，（3）调查气候变化对LID性能的影响。该计划的预期成果将填补LIDS的知识空白，为其实施提供新的见解，并反过来加强气候变化中的城市雨水管理。 此外，该计划将在一个充满活力的培训环境中创造HQP培训机会，尊重公平，多样性和包容性。学员将具备学术知识、技术技能和其他专业技能（例如，沟通和表达）是他们未来职业生涯所需要的。自20世纪90年代LID出现以来，由于LID在城市雨水管理系统中的应用越来越多，因此需要越来越多的具有这些能力的HQP。因此，该计划将为加拿大各级政府，行业，公众及其他部门带来行业相关技能和经济利益。

Managing stormwater in both quantity and quality is important for sustaining societal functions and healthy ecosystems as stormwater could lead to detrimental effects, such as flooding and water quality degradation in natural water bodies. Urban stormwater has been managed conventionally by the stormwater drainage system and/or the end-of-pipe facility (e.g., stormwater pond). However, the conventional management has been shown inadequate and less effective due to rapid urbanization as well as climate change. Recently, many cities in Canada and beyond have tended to implement Low Impact Development practices (LIDs) including green roofs, bioretention systems, permeable pavements, etc., which are small-scale, flexible, economical, and environmental friendly, to supplement the conventional stormwater management system. In particular, LIDs have been considered as no-regret practices for adapting to climate change, as they are beneficial irrespective of the uncertain future climate. Yet, there are still several barriers to clear before widely implementing them in managing urban stormwater in the face of climate change. These barriers include the lack of knowledge on their long-term performance, and changes in their performance and the associated uncertainty in a changing climate. Accordingly, improved knowledge on LIDs and climate change, and enhanced modeling tools for assessing climate change impacts on LIDs over the time horizon are much desired by engineering practitioners and policy-makers at all levels of government. Therefore, this proposed program consists of three major components: (1) providing evidence-based knowledge on the long-term performance of LIDs through monitoring and assessment, and developing a model for predicting their long-term performance, (2) advancing knowledge on the temporal evolution and uncertainty of climate projections and in turn improving the statistical downscaling of climate variables for any climate change impact research at the urban scale, and (3) investigating the climate change impacts on LID performance over the time horizon. The expected outcomes of this program will fill the knowledge gaps in LIDs, provide new insights into their implementation, and in turn enhance urban stormwater management in a changing climate. In addition, this program will create HQP training opportunities in a vibrant training environment that respects equity, diversity and inclusion. The trainees will be equipped with academic knowledge, technical skills and other professional skills (e.g., communication and presentation) required by their future career. Since the emergence of LIDs in the 1990s, more and more HQPs with these competencies are needed due to the increasing applications of LIDs in urban stormwater management systems. Therefore, this program will bring both industry-relevant skills and economic benefits to all levels of Canadian government, industry, the general public, and beyond.