Dynamic Repellency, Wettability and Capillarity as Primary Drivers for Water Flow and Chemical Transport in Soils and Groundwater in the Critical Zone

从土壤表面向下延伸到 区域地下水位以下的地下水支持着几乎所有的陆地生命。 包含了大部分的陆地生物量。我们有能力更好地 定量预测水的流动、化学运动和气体交换 亚表层是准确评估许多 环境问题以及相关的管理和/或补救计划。一个 更好地从根本上理解控制 水的运动和化学污染物在土壤中的去向和迁移 考虑到我们对即将到来的气候的最佳估计，地下水变得更加紧迫 变化对温度和降水的影响。我们目前的知识和 定量预测水流、污染物运移的能力仍然至关重要 当空气(气相)和水(多相流体)同时存在于 地下。这是在非饱和土壤和被困住的空气中的情况 临界区的浅层地下水，特别是当 土壤和岩石的润湿性/排斥性是动态的(与时间有关)。它 当溢出的污染物具有表面活性时，受到严重限制 (表面活性剂)性质。例外的土壤的例子 敏感的是具有高有机质含量的防水干燥土壤，后 野火土壤和被石油产品和工业污染的土壤 溶剂。 润湿性和毛细作用的问题 随着时间的推移变化是复杂的，因为许多环境污染物 天然化合物作为表面活性化合物(表面活性剂) 这大大改变了气水界面的表面张力， 固体表面的润湿性和接触角。我有广泛的研究 我的创新研究和长期的国际声誉和经验 关于溶质浓度依赖毛细管、接触角的出版物 土壤水分行为的动力学和润湿性分数效应。那些 贡献、知识和专业知识是提议的 研究。 科学的方法将很好地结合在一起 基于实验室的仪器化流动池实验，数学模型 发展和实地研究。未来5年的主要目标成果 几年将是开发概念验证数据集、概念模型、 一阶动态水力函数与定量一阶水力函数 土壤水分入渗和滞留数学模型的表达 动态润湿性和毛细作用。 这项研究将产生简单的一阶 专家和非专家的实用模型(例如环境 修复专家、林业专家、生态水文学家)能够计算 更准确和可靠的水渗透、污染物运移行为 以及由此产生的土壤

The critical zone which extends form the soil surface down to groundwater below the regional water table supports almost all terrestrial life and contains most of the terrestrial biomass. Our ability to better quantitatively predict water flow, chemical movement and gas exchange in the subsurface is essential and foundational to accurately assessing many environmental problems and associated management and/or remediation schemes. A better fundamental understanding of mechanisms and processes controlling the movement of water and the fate and transport of chemical contaminants in the soil and groundwater is ever more urgent given our best estimates of pending climate change impacts on temperatures and precipitation. Our current knowledge and ability to quantitatively predict water flow, contaminant transport remain critically limited when both air (gas-phase) and water coexist (multi-phase fluids) in the subsurface. This is the case in unsaturated soils and entrapped air in shallow groundwaters of the critical zone, and particularly limited when the wettability/repellency of the soils and rocks is dynamic (time-dependent). It is critically limited when spilled contaminants have surface active (surfactant) properties. Examples of soils which are exceptionally sensitive are water repellent dry soils with high organic matter contents, post wildfire soils, and soils contaminated by petroleum products and industrial solvents. The problem of wettability and capillarity changing over time are complicated by the fact that numerous environmental contaminants and naturally occurring compounds act as surface active compounds (surfactants) which substantially change the surface tension at the air water interface, the wettability and contact angle at solid surfaces. I have extensive research experience and a long international reputation for my innovative research and publications on solute concentration dependent capillarity, contact angle dynamics and fractional wettability effects on soil water behavior. Those contributions, knowledge and expertise are foundational to the proposed research. The scientific approach will combine well instrumented laboratory-based flow cell experiments, mathematical model development, and field studies. The primary targeted outcomes over the next 5 years will be to develop proof of concept data sets, conceptual models, first-order dynamic hydraulic functions and quantitative first-order mathematical models of water infiltration and retention in soils expressing dynamic wettability and capillarity. The research will generate simple first-order practical models for specialists and non-specialists (e.g. environmental remediation specialists, foresters, eco-hydrologists) to be able to calculate more accurate and reliable water infiltration, contaminant transport behaviours and resultant soil