Greenhouse gas emission factors from peat extraction, use and after use

加拿大12%的地区被泥炭地覆盖，碳含量远远超过140GT，使泥炭地成为加拿大最大的生物碳库之一。通过泥炭地土地利用变化(如泥炭开采)、转换为其他土地用途(如农业、植树园、土地开发)或间接(如油砂开发、水电水库洪水等)造成的二氧化碳损失。加拿大有一个规模不大但很重要的提取泥炭产业，泥炭主要用于园艺。加拿大大约1.2x106平方公里的泥炭地中有300平方公里被用于泥炭提取，对加拿大的二氧化碳排放清单(&gt；7x108t CO2 yr-1)有很小的影响(&lt；2.2x106t CO2 yr-1)。然而，对于这个行业来说，未来通过税收或总量管制和交易计划产生的潜在二氧化碳成本可能高达每年1000万美元。加拿大泥炭业一直非常积极地支持开发泥炭地生物恢复技术的研究，我们最近的研究表明，生物恢复会在恢复后的十年内恢复自然的泥炭地C循环。然而，由于我们的泥炭地模型缺乏经验观察和参数，我们不能告诉行业，在10到30年的泥炭提取期间，温室气体排放量(GHG)是多少，或者在使用泥炭期间和之后，有多少提取的泥炭以二氧化碳的形式损失回大气。我们在未来五年的目标是在生产泥炭地、使用中的泥炭和使用后的泥炭上进行多年温室气体排放测量，以确定排放量的变化率；为泥炭产业周期的采掘、使用和使用后阶段开发温室气体排放系数(EFS)；以及模拟泥炭开采导致的泥炭地排放净变化的参数化模型。这项工作将使该行业能够描绘其温室气体足迹，并与负责报告国家清单的省级和联邦机构有关。下游排放在联合国气候变化框架公约《巴黎协定》2015年后的讨论中以及作为未来认证计划一部分的未来温室气体报告中正变得更加重要。

Twelve percent of Canada is covered with peatlands and containing well over 140 Gt C, making peatlands one of Canada's largest biological carbon pools. The loss of C as CO2 ts through peatland land-use change either directly (e.g. peat extraction), conversion to other land uses (e.g. agricultural, tree plantations, land development) or indirectly (e.g. oil sand development, flooding for hydroelectric reservoirs, etc.). Canada has a small, but important extraction peat industry where the peat is primarily used in horticulture. 300 km2 of Canada's estimated 1.2 x 106 km2 of peatlands have been used for peat extraction, having a tiny effect (<2.2 x 106 t CO2 yr-1) on Canada's CO2 emission inventory (> 7 x 108 t CO2 yr-1). However, for this industry potential future CO2 costs through taxes or cap and trade schemes could be up to $10,000,000/yr. The Canadian peat industry has been very proactive in supporting research on developing techniques for the biological restoration peatlands, and our recent research has shown that biological restoration leads to the return of the natural peatland C cycle within a decade of restoration. However, we cannot tell the industry, due to a lack empirical observations and parameters for our peatland models, what the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are during the 10 to 30-year peat extraction period, or how much of the extracted peat is lost back to the atmosphere as CO2 during and after the peat is used. Our objectives over the next five years are to conduct multi-year GHG emission measurements on production peatlands and on peat in use and after use to determine the rate changes in emissions; to develop GHG emission factors (EFs) for the extractive, in use, and after-use stages of the peat industry cycle; and parameterized models to simulate the net change in emissions for peatlands that result from peat extraction. This work will enable the industry to delineate its GHG footprint and it is relevant to provincial and federal agencies responsible for reporting national inventories. Downstream emissions are becoming more important in post UNFCC Paris Accord 2015 discussions and to the future GHG reporting as part of future certification schemes.