Antimicrobial use and resistance in cow-calf herds: Has anything changed after the switch to prescription only sales of medically important antimicrobials?

兽医和畜牧生产者面临着谨慎和安全地使用抗菌药物的巨大压力。在全球范围内，对这些药物具有耐药性的微生物菌株对人类和动物健康的威胁正在上升。抗微生物药物是宝贵的资源，必须保存以供人类和兽药使用。牲畜必须在适当的时候，出于适当的原因，给予适当剂量的适当药物，牛肉行业正在严格评估抗菌药物的使用。2018年12月，加拿大卫生部的新法规要求在食用动物中使用抗菌素处方。为了衡量这些变化和其他抗菌策略的影响，加拿大畜牧业需要最新的可靠数据。我们的研究将绘制肉牛犊牛群当前抗菌素使用和耐药性的地图，并将结果与2018年前的数据进行比较。新规定改变了什么？未来的变化将如何影响今天的基线？我们将调查犊牛生产者和兽医，了解自2018年以来其抗微生物药物使用的变化。我们还将对个体动物进行耐药微生物测试，以确定如何更好地监测和减少抗菌素耐药性。我们的数据将支持行业决策和加拿大牛肉行业抗菌剂的最新法规。研究记录审慎使用抗菌剂和确定需要改进的领域对牛肉行业至关重要，牛肉行业提供了27.5亿美元的出口市场。牛肉产业为加拿大的GDP贡献了160亿美元。除了提高监管机构、消费者和食品服务机构对抗生素使用做法的兴趣外，本研究还提供了一个机会，确定如何就抗生素使用和一般动物卫生和生产做法进行最佳交流，以尽量减少抗生素耐药性的风险。我们的合作伙伴包括加拿大的牛肉生产商，通过肉牛研究委员会和阿尔伯塔牛肉生产商。萨斯喀彻温省农业部和加拿大抗微生物药物耐药性监测综合方案也在进行合作。

Veterinarians and livestock producers face huge pressure to use antimicrobial drugs carefully and safely. Globally, threats to human and animal health are rising from strains of microbes that are resistant to these drugs. Antimicrobials are precious resources that must be preserved for use in human and veterinary medicine. Livestock must be given the right dose of the right drug, for the right reason, at the time and the beef industry is critically evaluating antimicrobial use. In December 2018 Health Canada's new regulations ordered prescriptions for antimicrobials in food animals. To measure the impact of these changes and other antimicrobial strategies, Canada's livestock industry needs current, reliable data. Our research will map current antimicrobial use and resistance in beef cow-calf herds and compare results to pre-2018 data. What has changed with new regulations? How will future changes impact today's baseline? We will survey cow-calf producers and veterinarians on how their antimicrobial use has changed since 2018. We will also test individual animals for resistant microbes to identify how to better monitor and reduce antimicrobial resistance. Our data will support industry decisions and updated regulations on antimicrobials in Canada's beef industry.Research to document prudent antimicrobial use and identify areas for improvement is essential for the beef industry, which supplies a $2.75 billion export market. The beef industry contributes $16 billion to Canada's GDP. In addition to increased regulatory, consumer and food service interest in antibiotic use practices, this research also presents an opportunity to identify how to communicate best practices regarding antibiotic use and general animal health and production practices to minimize the risk of antibiotic resistance. Our partners include Canada's beef producers through the Beef Cattle Research Council and Alberta Beef Producers. Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture and the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance are also collaborating.