Modelling of timber buildings connections

木材是一种可再生材料，因此它在建筑中的使用提供了许多环境效益。然而，当用于建造中高层建筑时，轻型框架木材（LFW）系统通常用于住宅，没有足够的强度来抵抗施加的环境载荷。另一种具有先进机械性能的替代材料是重型木材，可以克服LFW的局限性。随着建筑行业的目标转向建造更加环保的建筑，对重型木材的需求正在增加。各种元素之间的连接，如梁与柱之间、墙与地板之间的连接，是重型木结构建筑中具有挑战性的组成部分。这些连接通常由钢制成，需要有足够的强度和刚度，这样木结构建筑才能在强风和地震事件造成的荷载下取得令人满意的性能。在本提案中，将开发详细的有限元（应力分析）计算机模型，模拟连接的所有部分，包括木材部件，钢板，紧固件以及木材和钢材之间的相互作用。这项研究的一个结果将是标准连接的发展，这些连接与不同尺寸的木材元件和连接由于作用在木结构建筑上的各种环境荷载而可能承受的力相兼容。两家安大略省公司将为这项研究作出贡献；Hassco是钢铁制造公司，IE Design是咨询工程公司。在此申请中，Hassco和IE Design将成立合资企业，由IE Design根据Hassco生产的连接设计木结构建筑。这项研究将有助于在高层建筑中推广使用重型木材来取代混凝土和钢材。除了环境效益外，这将为加拿大作为世界上最大的木材生产国之一提供巨大的优势。为了限制碳排放，全球都需要在建筑中增加天然材料的使用。因此，这一研究也将在国际上产生重大影响。

Wood is a renewable material so its use in construction provides many environmental benefits. However, when used in the construction of medium and high-rise buildings, light frame wood (LFW) systems, typically employed in houses, do not have enough strength to resist the applied environmental loads. An alternative material with advanced mechanical properties that could overcome the limitations of LFW is heavy timber. As the industry's goals shift to construct buildings that are more environmentally friendly, the demand for heavy timber is increasing. The connections between various elements, such as between beams and columns, and between the walls and the floors, are the challenging components of a heavy timber building. Those connections, which are usually made of steel, need to have enough strength and stiffness so timber buildings would achieve satisfactory performance under the loads resulting from strong wind and seismic events. In this proposal, detailed finite element (stress analysis) computer models, which simulate all parts of the connections including the timber components, the steel plates, the fasteners and the interaction between the timber and the steel, will be developed. An outcome of this research will be the development of standard connections that are compatible with different sizes of timber elements and forces that the connections can experience due to various environmental loads acting on timber buildings. Two Ontario companies will contribute to this research; Hassco a Steel Fabrication company and IE Design a Consulting Engineering Firm. A joint venture will be formed between Hassco and IE Design in this application where timber buildings will be designed by IE Design based on the connections produced by Hassco. The research will contribute to the spread of the use of heavy timber in the construction of high-rise buildings replacing concrete and steel. In addition to the environmental benefits, this will provide great advantages for Canada as one of the largest wood producing countries in the world. There is global demand to increase the use of natural materials in construction in order to limit carbon emission. Consequently, this research will be also of great impact internationally.