Modeling and validation of constructive and destructive solid particle erosion processes

较小的高速固体颗粒的多次撞击会导致表面磨损，这一过程称为固体颗粒侵蚀(SPE)。破坏性固相萃取出现在许多工业过程中，其中颗粒由气体或液体携带以冲击部件，如涡轮机叶片、旋风分离器、管道、管道、泵、阀门等。这项拟议的研究将开发新的模型，可用于预测建设性和破坏性应用的SPE。我们开发的模型将用于提高颗粒增强聚合物基复合材料(PRPMCs)的耐磨性，即同时包含聚合物基和陶瓷增强颗粒的材料。PRPMCs在工业中被用来保护各种部件。例如，它们可以应用于燃烧过程中烟气处理过程中受飞灰影响的部件，或用于保护风力涡轮机叶片。类似的材料也被用作军用车辆的轻型装甲。这些模型还将用于预测翅片和支柱的形状，这些翅片和支柱可以使用磨料水射流(AWJM)和浆料射流微加工技术(ASJM)快速高效地加工成金属。这种翅片和柱子可以用在散热器中，用来冷却微电子设备。我们还将开发出将它们用作微模具来批量生产微流控设备的方法。这类设备使用微通道来混合或分离流体，或者在各种生物分析应用中对悬浮在流体中的不同类型的细胞进行分类。下一代这些设备将是3D的，在不同的深度具有通道，AWJM和ASJM是唯一适合于加工此类特征的设备。最后，这些模型将被用于在棒上进行新型微流控器件的ASJM。微流控器件中的通道通常被蚀刻成平板。这限制了通道的长度，从而限制了流体混合、分离或细胞分选可能发生的时间量。在细杆上微加工紧密堆积的螺旋通道将导致相同器件占地面积的通道更长，从而极大地提高器件效率。然而，传统的切割工具无法在不弯曲或断裂的情况下加工细棒，而基于化学腐蚀的方法很难使用，因为很难制造模板掩模来定义通道。然而，ASJM可以直接加工棒材，而不会使它们断裂或弯曲。总体而言，这些型号将允许制造新型的耐腐蚀材料，从而降低与关闭加拿大工业工厂修复磨损部件相关的成本。他们还将允许为增长中的加拿大微技术行业的初创公司制造新型3D和基于棒的设备。

Multiple impacts of small high speed solid particles can cause surfaces to wear away in a process known as solid particle erosion (SPE). Destructive SPE occurs in the many industrial processes where particulates are carried by a gas or liquid to impact components such as turbine blades, cyclones, ducts, pipelines, pumps, valves, etc. SPE can also be constructive, such as when abrasive particle jets are used to machine surfaces or remove coatings and contaminants. The proposed research will develop new models that can be used to predict SPE for both constructive and destructive applications. The models we develop will be used to improve the wear resistance of particle reinforced, polymer matrix composites (PRPMCs), i.e., materials that contain both a polymer matrix and ceramic reinforcement particles. PRPMCs are used as protect a wide variety of components in industry. For example, they can be applied to components impacted by fly ash during the treatment of flue gases from combustion processes, or to protect wind turbine blades. Similar materials are also used as lightweight armours for military vehicles. The models will also be used to predict the shape of fins and pillars that can be rapidly and efficiently machined into metals using abrasive waterjet (AWJM) and slurry jet micro-machining  (ASJM). Such fins and pillars can be used in heat sinks used to cool micro-electronic devices. We will also develop ways that they can be used as micro-molds to mass produce microfluidic devices. Such devices employ micro-channels to mix or separate fluids, or to sort different types of cells suspended in the fluids in a variety of bio-analytical applications. The next generation of these devices will be 3D, with channels at different depths, and AWJM and ASJM are uniquely suited to allow the machining of such features. Finally, the models will be used to allow ASJM of novel microfluidic devices on rods. The channels in microfluidic devices are normally etched into flat plates. This limits the length of the channels, and thus the amount of time the fluid mixing, separation, or cell sorting can occur. Micro-machining tightly packed helical channels on thin rods would result in much longer channels for the same device footprint, thus greatly increasing device efficiency. However, traditional cutting tools cannot be used to machine thin rods without bending or fracturing them, and chemical etching based methods are difficult to use because of the difficulty in making stencil masks to define the channels. ASJM, however, can directly machine the rods, without fracturing or bending them. Overall, the models will allow new types of erosion resistant materials to be made, thus reducing costs associated with shutdowns to repair worn components at Canadian industrial plants. They will also allow new types of 3D and rod-based devices to be made for start-up companies in the growing Canadian micro-technology sector.