Towards a Smart-City Future: Urban-Scale Integration of Mobility and Energy Systems

“智慧城市”的愿景一直在全球范围内被追求，旨在将城市栖息地转变为卓越的效率、质量和可持续性。为了迈向智慧城市的未来，加拿大和世界各地的城市正在进行能源和交通系统的重大变革。共享经济、电动汽车（EV）、分散式可再生能源整合的繁荣，以及自动驾驶的出现，促使我们评估它们协同作用的影响。这项研究计划的长期目标是为城市规模的交通和能源系统集成开发跨学科模型、数据分析和管理见解，以最大限度地提高城市范围的效益。我们将通过关注两个相互关联的研究主题来实现这一使命：主题1 -设计大规模采用电动汽车的城市交通系统。主题2 -在新能源和移动技术的存在下，全市范围内电动汽车与电网基础设施的融合。主题1研究将开发一个整体框架，设计和分析大型电动汽车共享系统的城市交通。虽然汽车共享已经趋于成熟，在文献中受到了极大的关注，但电动汽车共享仍处于起步阶段。该研究计划将为城市规模电动汽车共享的基础设施规划和车队运营管理提供集成优化模型、先进的解决方案算法和实用的管理见解。与此同时，主题2的研究将评估电动汽车在支持未来城市电网基础设施方面的潜力。特别是，拟议的研究计划将开发模型和分析，以调查采用何种控制策略和在何种机制下共享自动驾驶电动汽车（SAEV）可以提高城市微电网（电力生产者和消费者聚集在划定的局部网络中）的自给自足和弹性。这种城市电动汽车存量与微电网运营的联合调度可能对未来城市能源和交通格局产生巨大影响，但在文献中尚未得到很好的考虑。该研究项目的成果不仅将推动智慧城市运营管理这一新兴领域的发展，还将率先帮助实践者和城市规划者启动电动汽车共享项目，促进城市交通和能源系统的深度融合。该研究项目将为两名HQP提供优秀的跨学科培训。我们将与加州大学伯克利分校和劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室等其他研究所密切合作，进一步丰富培训内容。

The vision of "smart city" has been pursued worldwide to transform urban habitats into superior efficiency, quality and sustainability. Moving forward to a smart-city future, cities in Canada and around the world are undertaking major transformations in their energy and mobility systems. The booms of the sharing economy, electric vehicles (EV), decentralized renewables integration, along with the emergence of autonomous driving, urge us to evaluate the implications of their synergy. The long-term goal of this proposed research program is to develop cross-disciplinary models, data analytics and managerial insights for urban-scale integration of mobility and energy systems to maximize citywide benefits. We will pursue this mission by focusing on two interrelated research themes: Theme 1 - Designing urban mobility systems featuring large-scale EV adoption. Theme 2 - Citywide integration of EVs to electrical grid infrastructure in the presence of new energy and mobility technologies.   Theme 1 research will develop a holistic framework of designing and analyzing large-scale EV sharing systems for urban transit. Although car sharing has been maturing and received great attention in the literature, EV sharing is still in its infant stage. The proposed research program will provide integrated optimization models, advanced solution algorithms and practical managerial insights for infrastructure planning and fleet operations management for urban-scale EV sharing. In a parallel effort, Theme 2 research will evaluate the potential of EV mobility for supporting future urban electrical grid infrastructure.  In particular, the proposed research program will develop models and analytics to investigate with what control strategies and under what mechanisms shared autonomous electric vehicles (SAEV) can improve the self-sufficiency and resilience of urban microgrids (in which electricity producers and consumers are clustered into delimited local networks). This joint dispatch of urban EV stock with microgrid operations can potentially exert large impact on the future urban energy and mobility landscape, but has not been well considered in the literature. The outcome of this research program will not only advance the emerging field of smart-city operations management, but also be among the first to help practitioners and city planners to launch EV sharing programs and facilitate deeper integration of urban mobility and energy systems. The research program will provide excellent training for two HQP given its interdisciplinary nature. The training will be further enriched by our close collaborations with other institutes such as UC Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.