Design and Control of Transportation Networks in the Presence of Autonomous Vehicles

自动驾驶汽车或自动驾驶汽车将深刻影响交通基础设施和出行行为。车载自动化技术和自动驾驶功能可以降低排放，增加交通吞吐量，并创造新的共享车辆方式。私营部门正在快速发展汽车自动化；现在几乎所有的汽车制造商都有一个自动化部门。公共部门也在寻求以可持续发展的自动驾驶汽车为中心，改善社会福利的政策。随着未来10年自动驾驶汽车的大规模使用，自动驾驶汽车的特点及其内在潜力需要新的理论来理解其影响，并需要决策支持系统来利用其优势。拟议研究的长期目标是为自动驾驶汽车开发一个框架，以评估其影响，设计新的移动服务，并为可持续政策提供决策支持。以下短期目标是实现长期目标所必需的基础：1)开发先进的自动驾驶汽车交通流分析工具自动驾驶汽车配备了先进的通信传感器，使它们能够共享交通信息，从而更安全、更顺利地行驶。需要先进的交通流模型作为战略推进自动驾驶汽车的可持续政策的基础。2)创建和评估自动驾驶汽车的停车设计。自动驾驶汽车可以减少停车面积。它们可以在无人驾驶模式下在停车场自由移动，从而容纳更多的车辆。拟议的研究将开发自动驾驶汽车的停车基础设施设计。自动驾驶汽车将为共享经济做出巨大贡献，因为它们可以在无人驾驶模式下在多个用户之间重新定位。本研究将透过解决车辆最优安置与合用策略等复杂问题，探讨这些移动性服务的设计与管理。4)使用自动驾驶汽车缓解社会不平等，提高应急响应能力。自动驾驶汽车将为交通不便的社区提供负担得起的交通工具，因为它们不需要人类驾驶员。在最近的COVID-19大流行等紧急情况下，它们也具有前所未有的潜力。新的政策和管理操作可以减少社会不平等，提高使用自动驾驶汽车的应急反应能力。这项研究计划将训练HQP提高分析、技术和沟通技巧。这些成果将帮助加拿大政府机构就交通基础设施和理想的激励计划做出明智的决策，为自动驾驶汽车做好准备。它还将为私营部门在设计和管理新兴移动服务方面提供决策工具。

Self-Driving Cars, or autonomous vehicles, will profoundly affect transportation infrastructure and travel behavior. The onboard automation technologies and the self-driving capability can lower emissions, increase traffic throughput, and create new ways of sharing vehicles. The private sector is pursuing vehicle automation at a fast pace; almost all car manufacturers now have an automation division. The public sector is also seeking sustainable autonomous vehicle-oriented policies that improve social welfare. As large-scale use of autonomous cars is expected in the next 10 years, the characteristics of autonomous vehicles and their inherent potentials call for new theories to understand their impacts, and decision support systems to exploit their benefits. The long-term goal of the proposed research is to develop a framework for autonomous vehicles to assess their impacts, design new mobility services, and provide decision-making support for sustainable policies. The following short-term objectives are the building blocks necessary to achieve the long-term goal: 1)Develop advanced autonomous vehicle traffic flow analysis tools Autonomous vehicles are equipped with advanced communication sensors allowing them to share traffic information and drive more safely and smoothly. Advanced traffic flow models are required as a base for sustainable policies that strategically promote autonomous vehicles. 2)Create and evaluate parking designs for autonomous vehicles Autonomous vehicles can reduce parking footprint. They can freely move in parking lots in driverless mode allowing to fit more vehicles. The proposed research will develop parking infrastructure designs for autonomous vehicles. 3)Design and manage emerging mobility services Autonomous vehicles will substantially contribute to the sharing economy because they can be relocated between multiple users in driverless mode. The proposed research will investigate the design and management of these mobility services by solving complex problems such as optimal vehicle relocation and pooling strategies. 4)Use autonomous vehicles to alleviate social inequities and improve emergency response Autonomous vehicles will provide affordable transportation to access-restricted communities because they do not require a human driver. They also have unprecedented potential in emergency situations such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. New policies and management operations can reduce social inequities and improve emergency response using autonomous vehicles. This research program will train HQP to promote analytical, technical, and communications skills. The outputs will aid Canadian governing agencies to prepare for autonomous vehicles by making informed decisions about the transportation infrastructure and ideal incentive programs. It will also provide decision-making tools for the private sector in design and management of emerging mobility services.