The puzzle of being social in space

社会行为几乎总是需要共享空间。对社会生物学家来说，空间混淆，对空间生态学家来说，社会群体错误地重复数据。然而，社交性和空间利用是密不可分的。因此，占用空间涉及到获取优质资源的同时平衡对这些资源的竞争，并利用动物聚集来降低被捕食的风险。整合现有的理论框架，明确的空间，但隐含的社会-或相反-将允许我们获得新的推论。我们提出的研究计划有三个步骤。首先，我们建议测试个体动物是否在精确的社会和空间行为中表现出灵活性，这些行为似乎与彼此的利益相冲突，并随季节而变化。我们使用复制种群的长期遥测数据来测试灵活性。其次，我们通过结合行为学和生物学来转向更精细的推断。利用这些方法，我们实证检验了空间变异在资源质量和精细尺度社会调节的生境选择中的竞争作用。我们将使用与营养相关的元素比例分布模型，例如碳：氮，来捕捉资源质量。第三，利用全球数据和实验运动生态学中观，我们提出并检验了生产力-社会性梯度假设。该假设预测净初级生产力的时空变化是促进个体、种群和物种在社会网络衍生行为中变异性的机制。该提案旨在证明，我设计的野生动物进化生态学实验室是一个包容、安全和温馨的环境，它在支持公平、多样性和包容性方面的积极行动继续帮助人们克服制度和学科障碍，并将寻求公平的个人提升到我们学科内有影响力的位置。该提案将培训至少10名HQP，继续专注于发展卓越的研究和服务，并帮助人们实现他们的科学和与科学相关的宣传目标。多样化的方法：为了确保稳健的推断，我们将使用从实验操作到全球数据综合的多种方法。对应用的影响：拟议的工作主要侧重于保护和文化关注的社会物种，特别是我们的土著和机构合作伙伴（驯鹿）。在理论基础上，我们的工作努力将行为与对管理者和保护主义者有价值的指标联系起来，比如人口存活率。对理论的影响：我们的提案将为跨越生物组织层次（个体、群体、种群和物种）的空间社会之谜提供见解。在不断变化的世界中，探究社会空间界面将为社会和空间表型之间协方差的原因和结果提供精确的信息。

Social behaviors almost invariably require sharing space. To sociobiologists space confounds and to spatial ecologists social aggregations falsely repeat data. However, sociality and space use are inseparable. Thus, occupying space relates at accessing quality resources while balancing competition for those resources and using the animal aggregations to decrease predation risk. Integrating existing theoretical frameworks that are explicitly spatial, but implicitly social - or the inverse - will permit us access to novel inferences. Our proposed research program has three actions. In the first, we propose to test whether individual animals exhibit flexibility in precise social and spatial behaviors that appear to conflict with one another's benefits and vary by season. We test for flexibility using long-term telemetry data on replicated populations. Second, we pivot to finer-scale inferences by combining ethology and biologging. With these methods, we empirically test the competing roles of spatial variation in resource quality and fine-scale socially-mediated habitat selection. We will use nutritionally relevant distribution models of elemental ratios, e.g., carbon:nitrogen, to capture resource quality. Third, using global data and an experimental movement ecology mesocosm, we propose and test the productivity-sociality gradient hypothesis. The hypothesis predicts spatial and temporal variation in net primary productivity is a mechanism that promotes individuals, populations, and species' variability in social network-derived behaviors. The proposal aims to demonstrate that I have designed the Wildlife Evolutionary Ecology Lab as an inclusive, safe, and welcoming environment whose positive actions in support of equity, diversity, and inclusivity continue to help people overcome institutional and disciplinary barriers and result in elevating equity-seeking individuals to impactful positions within our discipline. The proposal will train at least 10 more HQP, with continued focus on developing excellence in research and service, and helping people achieve their science and science-adjacent, advocacy goals. Diverse approaches: To ensure robust inferences we will use multiple ways of knowing from experimental manipulations to global data syntheses. IMPACT for Application: The proposed work predominantly focusses on social species of conservation and cultural concern, particularly to our Indigenous and agency partners (caribou). Well-grounded in theory, our work endeavors to link behaviors with metrics valuable to managers and conservationists, such as population vital rates. IMPACT for Theory: Our proposal will provide insights into the puzzle of being social in space across levels of biological organization: individuals, groups, populations, and species. Interrogating the social-spatial interface will provide precision about the causes and consequences of covariance between social and spatial phenotypes in a changing world.