The Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Habitat- and Density-Dependent Animal Behaviour

栖息地和密度依赖的动物行为的生态进化动力学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-06640
• 负责人: VanderWal, Eric
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=631831
• 关键词: Eco; Evolutionary; Dynamics; Habitat; Density

Density dependence is an ecological process that affects how animals live and die, influencing the rates populations increase or decline. Density acts by affecting animal behaviors, altering their costs and benefits. Depending on what behaviors an individual or subset of individuals expresses, density can differentially affect reproduction or survival. As selective pressure for certain behaviors occurs, the distribution of these behaviors in a population may change through time. My long-term objective tests the relationships between density-dependent behaviors, while quantifying how the phenotypic distribution of individual-based behaviors in a population changes as a function of density, and how these affect population growth. I will apply an eco-evolutionary framework to the link between behavioral ecology and population dynamics. For example, an individual’s habitat selection and social behavior likely affect its reproduction, survival, and consequently the population’s growth. As populations grow, changing density may influence how habitat selection and social behavior affect reproduction and survival, i.e., the adaptive value of the behavior. Recent evidence suggests that sociality derived from social networks and resource use are behaviors that exhibit consistent differences among individuals, so-called personalities. These behaviors are correlated and affected by density. To achieve my long-term objective, I propose 3 short-term initiatives that test how the adaptive value of social behavior and habitat selection are influenced by density; how social behaviors and habitat selection are correlated; and how an eco-evolutionary feedback affects the adaptive value of these behaviors. To achieve this I will combine existing and new data, using social ungulates as a model system. Existing data consists of historical telemetry data on caribou and elk. New data will be collected from a low-cost whole-population capture-mark-recapture of caribou. I will use a research population of caribou that was introduced onto an island off Newfoundland from 1965-1967. It is a mesocosm to study fine-scale ecology, evolution, and population dynamics. This will become a long-term individual-based research program. My research program will serve two purposes: Test and advance fundamental questions about density-dependent behaviors and population dynamics within an eco-evolutionary framework, while incidentally attending to critical conservation issues, as caribou are a species in global decline.

密度依赖是一个影响动物生存和死亡的生态过程，影响种群增长或下降的速度。密度通过影响动物行为，改变它们的成本和收益来起作用。根据个体或个体子集表达的行为，密度会对繁殖或生存产生不同的影响。当对某些行为的选择压力发生时，这些行为在种群中的分布可能会随着时间的推移而改变。我的长期目标是测试密度依赖行为之间的关系，同时量化人口中基于个体的行为的表型分布如何作为密度的函数发生变化，以及这些行为如何影响人口增长。我将应用生态进化的框架之间的联系行为生态学和人口动态。例如，个体的栖息地选择和社会行为可能会影响其繁殖，生存，从而影响人口的增长。随着种群的增长，密度的变化可能会影响栖息地选择和社会行为如何影响繁殖和生存，即，行为的适应价值。最近的证据表明，来自社交网络和资源使用的社会性是表现出个体之间一致差异的行为，即所谓的个性。这些行为是相互关联的，并受到密度的影响。为了实现我的长期目标，我提出了3个短期举措，测试社会行为和栖息地选择的适应价值是如何受到密度的影响;社会行为和栖息地选择是如何相互关联的;以及生态进化反馈如何影响这些行为的适应价值。为了实现这一点，我将结合联合收割机现有的和新的数据，使用社会有蹄类动物作为一个模型系统。现有数据包括驯鹿和麋鹿的历史遥测数据。新的数据将从一个低成本的整个人口捕获标记重新捕获驯鹿。我将使用1965-1967年引入纽芬兰岛的驯鹿研究种群。它是一个研究精细尺度生态学、进化和种群动态的中尺度生态系统。这将成为一个长期的基于个人的研究计划。我的研究计划将服务于两个目的：测试和推进生态进化框架内的密度依赖行为和种群动态的基本问题，同时顺便参加关键的保护问题，因为驯鹿是一个物种在全球衰退。