Developing the seaweed and plant components of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture and aquaponics and their applications within a biorefinery approach

水产养殖在未来的食品生产系统中将占有越来越大的份额。然而，蓝色革命需要通过开发创新技术和做法来提高环境可持续性、经济稳定性和社会可接受性，如综合多营养水生生物系统，从而变得更加绿色。通过IMTA，农民从不同的营养水平培育具有互补生态系统功能的物种。它们将联合收割机喂养的物种（鱼）与提取的物种（海藻、水生植物、贝类和其他无脊椎动物）结合起来，利用它们之间的协同作用，同时进行生物混合。在这一发现补助金期间，我们将致力于IMTA系统的三项改进。开发海藻Palmaria palmata（dulse）的栽培作为IMTA系统的夏季无机提取成分我们开发了海带的栽培作为无机提取成分，从秋季到初夏。但是，在夏季增加生物刺激的需要使我们研究了培养杜勒斯的可能性。虽然杜勒斯已经收获供人类食用了几个世纪，但其大规模种植从未成功过。问题是，杜勒斯有一个复杂的生命周期，个体大多数时间是非生殖的，这表明可能有一个未知的无性阶段。我们将使用分子和光谱标记来研究这种可能性。这可以简化种植，因为不需要有性繁殖来创造多代养殖，从而减少对自然种群的压力。其原理也可应用于陆基封闭式淡水系统（FIMTA或鱼菜共生）。如果鲑鱼在海水围栏中度过1.5-2年，那么它们在淡水孵化场度过1-1.5年之后。开发FIMTA将有助于减少用水量和废物产生，并有助于产品多样化。利用植物降低污水中的磷含量将有助于农民达到水质标准，防止环境中的富营养化。人们通常将鱼菜共生描述为动物水产养殖和植物种植的结合。然而，两者之间存在一种关键的微生物联系，对此知之甚少。我们将确定这些微生物群落，它们随时间的变化以及它们在营养循环中的作用。通过综合顺序生物精炼（ISBR）方法为海藻增值商业模式必须从“一个物种-一个过程-一个产品”的方法发展到采用ISBR“一个物种-几个过程几个产品”的概念，其中一个过程的残留物成为下一个步骤的有价值的产品。我们将开发几个分析和生物活性平台，将海藻残渣转化为有价值的新产品。

Aquaculture will have an increasing share in tomorrow's food production systems. However, the Blue Revolution needs to become greener by developing innovative technologies and practices with increased environmental sustainability, economic stability and societal acceptability, such as Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). With IMTA, farmers cultivate species from different trophic levels with complementary ecosystem functions. They combine fed species (fish) with extractive species (seaweeds, aquatic plants, shellfish and other invertebrates) to take advantage of synergistic interactions among them, while biomitigation operates. During this Discovery Grant we will work on three improvements of IMTA systems.Developing the cultivation of the seaweed Palmaria palmata (dulse) as a summer inorganic extractive component of an IMTA systemWe developed the cultivation of kelps as the inorganic extractive component, from fall until early summer. But the need to increase biomitigation during summer led us to investigate the possibility of cultivating dulse. While dulse has been harvested for human consumption for centuries, its large-scale cultivation has never been successful. The problem is that dulse has a complex life cycle and individuals are most of the time non-reproductive, suggesting there may be an unknown asexual phase. We will investigate this possibility using molecular and spectroscopic markers. This could simplify cultivation by eliminating the need for sexual reproduction to create multiple generations in culture, thereby reducing pressure on natural populations.Developing freshwater IMTAThe IMTA concept is not confined to marine systems. Its principles can also be applied to land-based, closed-containment freshwater systems (FIMTA, or aquaponics). If salmon spend 1.5-2 years in seawater pens, it is after they have spent 1-1.5 years in freshwater hatcheries. Developing FIMTA will aid in reducing water usage and waste production, and in product diversification. Using plants to reduce phosphorus levels in effluents will help farmers meet water quality guidelines and prevent eutrophication in the environment. People often describe aquaponics as the combination of animal aquaculture and plant cultivation. However, there is a key microbial link between the two, about which very little is known. We will identify these microbial communities, their changes over time and their role in nutrient cycling.Adding value to seaweeds through the Integrated Sequential Biorefinery (ISBR) approachBusiness models have to evolve from the “one species - one process - one product” approach to embrace the ISBR “one species - several processes several products” concept, in which the residues of one process become the valuable products of the next step. We will develop several analytical and bioactivity platforms to transform seaweed residues into valuable new products.