Towards Zero GHG Emissions by Symbiotic Design and Operation of Industrial and Civic Entities

这项研究计划的愿景是为轻工业、民用建筑和个人交通部门组成的系统设计能源基础设施，目前这些部门的温室气体排放量占加拿大温室气体排放量的40%，因此它们的温室气体排放总量为零。到目前为止，关于提高能源效率和减少温室气体排放的研究主要集中在个别部门的机会上。拟议研究的新颖之处在于通过整合不同部门之间的能源系统来进一步减少温室气体排放。该计划的长期目标是设计能源一体化的民用和工业实体集群，使其总体上实现温室气体净零排放。例如，一个集群可能包含一个曲棍球场、一个住宅综合体（市民结构）、一个面包店、一个超市和一个啤酒厂（轻工业）。集群需要能够保持温室气体排放的目标水平，即使在不同类型的能源需求的部门内的不同比例。研究的预期结果是一个设计路线图，显示集群的结构（整合程度）和不同能源系统组件的大小如何随着温室气体排放的目标水平和气候变化引起的能源需求变化而变化。对于一个社区或城市所需的一系列民用建筑和可能的轻工业工厂，短期（未来五年）目标是：(i)确定集群的配置（什么类型的民用建筑和工业厂房），即使在单个子系统需求变化的情况下，也能导致稳定的温室气体减排；（ii）确定集成拓扑，使集成系统不容易受到级联网络故障的影响；（iii）模块化系统组件的大小，以提供所需的冗余容量，以增加系统对组件故障的弹性和对需求变化的灵活性。（iv）为系统配置变更（结构和组件容量）确定最佳路线图，以达到指定水平的温室气体排放；（vi）利用现有技术尽可能降低温室气体排放。长期（5至10年）目标是设计净零温室气体排放的能源集群，能够满足气候变化导致的能源需求变化，能够适应其组件的退化，并且在一个或多个组件故障时不会遭受级联网络故障。这项研究将使决策者能够预测他们自己的能源系统未来的变化，并确定将其修改为净零的最佳途径。在接下来的5年里。该项目将培养5名本科生，1名硕士。博士3人；另外3名博士生将在DG资助的第5年进行研究。除了在技术期刊上发表外，还将在广泛接触的媒体上发表研究的概念性结果/高级摘要，以提高对这些选择的认识。

The vision for this research program is to design energy infrastructures for systems that are comprised of light industries, civic buildings, and personal transportation sectors, currently emitting 40% of Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Canada, such that their combined GHG emissions are net zero. Until now, the research on increasing energy efficiency and reducing GHG emissions has focused on opportunities within individual sectors. Novelty of the proposed research is the focus on reducing GHG emission even further by integrating energy systems between different sectors. Long term goals of the program are to design clusters of energy-integrated civic and industrial entities that in their aggregate have net zero GHG emissions. For instance, a cluster may contain a hockey arena, a residential complex (civic structures), and a bakery, a supermarket, and a brewery (light industry). Clusters need to be able to maintain the targeted level of GHG emissions even for the varying ratios of the types of energy demands within sectors. Expected outcome of the research is a design roadmap showing how the structure of the clusters (degree of integration) and the sizes of different energy system components vary with the targeted level of GHG emissions and with changes in energy demands due to climate change. For a set of civic buildings and possible light industrial plants required for a community or a city, short term (next five yrs.) goals are: (i) identify configurations of clusters (what types of civic building and of industrial plants) that lead to stable (steady) GHG emissions reduction even when individual subsystem demands vary (ii) determine integration topology so that the integrated systems are not vulnerable to cascading network failures, (iii) modularize sizes of system components to provide redundant capacity required to increase system resilience to component failures and flexibility with respect to changes in demand, (iv) define optimal roadmap to system configuration changes (structure and component capacities) to achieve GHG emissions of specified level, and (vi) lowest possible GHG emissions with presently available technologies. Longer term (5 to 10 yrs.) goal is to design net zero GHG emissions energy clusters that can meet changing energy demands due to climate change, are resilient to degradation of its components, and do not suffer cascading network failures if one or more components malfunction. This research will enable decision makers to anticipate future changes in their own energy systems and determine the best pathways to modify them to be net zero. Over the next 5 yrs. the program will train 5 Undergrad, 1 M.A.Sc., and 3 Ph.D.; additional 3 Ph.D. students will be in progress in yr. 5 of DG grant. Besides publishing in technical journals, conceptual results / high level summaries of the research will be published in widely accessed media in order to raise awareness of these options.