Implications of transport decarbonization pathways on regional and community air quality

由于社会经济的变化和实现温室气体排放大幅削减的需要，加拿大的交通部门将经历一场前所未有的变革。这一转变不仅需要缓解气候变化，还需要以公平的方式使社区空气质量受益。至关重要的是，减少温室气体排放所带来的共同好处，应为运输部门的脱碳努力提供信息。事实上，在加拿大，每年有14,600人死于空气污染，与空气污染有关的健康结果的年经济价值约为1,140亿美元。世界卫生组织最近(2021年10月)宣布收紧空气质量指南，进一步加强了缓解气候变化改善空气质量和公众健康的重要性。替代燃料、交通电气化、网约车、电子商务，所有这些都为实现气候效益带来了希望。然而，这些新的交通技术和服务对空气质量和环境正义的影响没有得到很好的表征，阻碍了我们找到双赢解决方案的能力。拟议的研究计划旨在帮助加拿大工业、政府和社区优先考虑将实现低至零排放、同时产生积极社会影响的交通创新。为了预测交通创新对加拿大城市气候、空气质量和环境正义的影响，并为交通部门目前正在发生的变化提供信息，拟议的研究计划将解决以下方面的知识差距：1)新交通技术的排放特征，2)新车辆技术、积极交通和改变的人类行为对气候、空气质量和环境公平的影响，以及3)随着时间的推移监测和跟踪这种变化的能力。具体地说，这项研究计划有三个目标：目标1：改善温室气体和空气污染物的交通排放清单目标2：提高在一套长期交通脱碳路径下模拟社区级别空气污染和环境正义的能力目标3：衡量人类行为、排放和选定干预措施对空气质量的影响，并制定社区参与和参与性数据收集的最佳实践。本研究计划将可推广的长期建模与地方干预研究相结合，利用参与性数据收集方法和社区参与，以获得能够进行更广泛学习的基于地点的视角。该计划将通过校园-社区-政府合作伙伴关系，促进对交通挑战和机遇的理解，并促进社区级数据的发展。

Due to socioeconomic shifts and the need to achieve deep cuts in greenhouse gas emissions, Canada will experience an unprecedented transformation in its transportation sector. This transformation need not only mitigate climate change, but also enable community air quality benefits in an equitable manner. It is crucial that efforts to decarbonize the transportation sector be informed by the co-benefits of greenhouse gas reduction. Indeed, in Canada, 14,600 deaths per year are attributed to air pollution and the annual economic value of air pollution related health outcomes is approximately $114 billion. The recent World Health Organization announcement (October 2021) on tightening air quality guidelines further strengthens the importance of climate mitigation that improves air quality and public health. Alternative fuels, transport electrification, ride hailing, e-commerce, all carry promise for achieving climate benefits. However, the implications of these new transportation technologies and services on air quality and environmental justice are not well characterized, hindering our ability to identify win-win solutions. The proposed research program is aimed at helping Canadian industry, government, and communities, prioritise transportation innovations that will achieve low to zero emissions, while bearing positive societal impacts. To anticipate the effects of transportation innovations on climate, air quality, and environmental justice in Canadian cities and inform the transformation currently occurring in the transportation sector, the proposed research program will address knowledge gaps in 1) emission characteristics of new transportation technologies, 2) impacts of new vehicle technologies, active transportation, and altered human behavior on climate, air quality, and environmental equity, and 3) ability to monitor and track this transformation over time. Specifically, this research program has three objectives: Objective 1: Improve transportation emission inventories for greenhouse gases and air pollutants Objective 2: Enhance capability to model community-level air pollution and environmental justice under a set of long-term transport decarbonization pathways Objective 3: Measure human behavior, emissions, and air quality impacts of selected interventions and develop best practices for community engagement and participatory data collection This research program will combine generalizable long-term modelling with local intervention studies, leveraging participatory data collection methods and community engagement, to obtain place-based perspectives that enable broader learning. This program will advance understanding of transportation challenges and opportunities and promote the development of community-level data, through campus-community-government partnerships.