Advancing Road Safety and Geometric Design for Autonomous and Connected Vehicles

自动驾驶和联网车辆，在本文中称为自动驾驶车辆（AV），预计将在安全性、移动性和可持续性方面带来重大益处。这项技术正在世界各地的客运和货运方面兴起。美国一家公司预测，到2027年，无人驾驶卡车将出现在州际公路上，并将大幅节省成本（55%）。这项技术正在世界各地的客运和货运方面兴起。自动驾驶汽车已经开始出现在地球仪的道路上。AV市场在2019年价值540亿美元，预计到2026年将增长到5560亿美元（增长10倍）。显然，随着市场的扩大，交通专业人员和研究人员必须在不久的将来实现自动驾驶之前解决一系列挑战。拟议的研究计划解决这些影响，并建立在申请人的25年的研究经验，公路几何设计和智能交通系统。申请人研究的长期目标是开发创新方法，以实现安全、移动的和可持续的AV运输系统。目标是在所有公路设施上全面解决AV（环境视觉和自动车辆控制）的技术问题。建议的研究计划集中于四类公路设施，具体的短期目标如下：1.制定交叉口AV运行方法（迂回和无控制），包括紧急AV的优先权，2.制定双车道公路上AV超车的方法，3.根据随着路面状况变化而变化的抗滑性，开发所有高速公路的AV速度模型，4.开发特殊设施处的AV操作方法（卡车拖运/对接、工作区和人行横道），5.使用仿真工具验证所开发的方法，以及6.为不同的公路设施建立AV的几何设计需求。 拟议的研究将启动前所未有的新的全面方法的发展，规划和控制AV的四种类型的公路设施和建立AV的几何设计的影响。具体而言，科学贡献包括：（1）建立对自动驾驶建模和仿真至关重要的弯道轨迹数据，（2）开发用于规划不同类型公路设施上的自动驾驶运动的扩展理论，（3）建立基于防滑性的自动驾驶速度控制模型，以及（4）量化自动驾驶对公路几何设计的影响。开发的工具将促进AV的实施，预计将在安全性，机动性和可持续性方面提供显着的好处。许多HQP将在拟议的计划中接受培训，并将能够在运输，电信和数据管理以及制造等行业的学术界和工业界担任关键领导职务。

Autonomous and connected vehicles, called herein automated vehicles (AV) are expected to lead to significant benefits in safety, mobility, and sustainability. The technology is emerging around the world on both passenger and freight sides. One company in the US predicts that driverless trucks will be on interstate highways by 2027 and will lead to significant cost saving (55%). The technology is emerging around the world on both passenger and freight sides. Automated vehicles have already started to appear on the roads across the globe. The AV market is valued at $54 billion in 2019 and is projected to grow to $556 billion by 2026 (10-time growth). Clearly, as the market expands, transportation professionals and researchers must address an array of challenges before AV becomes a reality in the near future. The proposed research program addresses those impacts and builds upon the applicant's 25-year research experience on highway geometric design and intelligent transportation systems. The long-term objective of the applicant's research is to develop innovative methods to achieve safe, mobile, and sustainable transportation systems for AV. The goal is to fully address both technical aspects of AV (vision for the environment and automated vehicle control) on all highway facilities. The specific short-term objectives of the proposed research program, which focuses on four types of highway facilities, are as follows: 1.Develop methods for AV operation at intersections (roundabouts and uncontrolled), including priority for emergency AV, 2.Develop methods for overtaking of AV on two-lane highways, 3.Develop AV speed models for all highways based on skid resistance which changes with the change in pavement surface conditions, 4.Develop methods for AV operation at special facilities (truck drayage/docking, work zones, and pedestrian crossings), 5.Validate the developed methods using simulation tools, and 6.Establish geometric design needs for AV for different highway facilities. The proposed research will initiate unprecedented novel development of comprehensive methods for planning and control of AV on four types of highway facilities and the establishment of AV impacts on geometric design. Specifically, the scientific contributions include: (1) establishing trajectory data for roundabouts that are essential for AV modelling and simulation, (2) developing extended theory for planning AV movements on different types of highway facilities, (3) establishing speed-control model for AV based on skid resistance, and (4) quantifying AV impacts on highway geometric design. The developed tools will promote the implementation of AV which is expected to provide significant benefits in safety, mobility, and sustainability. Many HQP will be trained in the proposed program and will be able to take key leadership positions in academia and industry in such sectors as transportation, telecom and data management, and manufacturing.