Temporal Behavior of Low Impact Development Practices in Managing Stormwater

从数量和质量上管理雨水对于维持社会功能和健康的生态系统都很重要，因为雨水可能导致有害影响，例如自然水体的洪水和水质退化。城市雨水通常由雨水排水系统及/或管道末端设施（例如雨水塘）管理。然而，由于快速的城市化和气候变化，传统的管理已经显示出不足和有效性。最近，加拿大和其他国家的许多城市都倾向于实施低影响发展实践（lid），包括绿色屋顶、生物保留系统、透水路面等，这些都是小规模、灵活、经济、环保的，以补充传统的雨水管理系统。特别是，盖子被认为是适应气候变化的无悔做法，因为不管未来气候的不确定性如何，它们都是有益的。然而，面对气候变化，在广泛实施城市雨水管理之前，仍有几个障碍需要清除。这些障碍包括缺乏对其长期绩效的了解、绩效的变化以及气候变化带来的相关不确定性。因此，各级政府的工程从业人员和政策制定者都非常希望提高对lid和气候变化的认识，并增强建模工具，以评估气候变化对lid的影响。因此，本方案由三个主要部分组成：(1)通过监测和评估提供基于证据的LID长期绩效知识，并开发预测其长期绩效的模型；(2)推进关于气候预估的时间演变和不确定性的知识，从而改善气候变量在城市尺度上的统计降尺度研究；(3)调查气候变化对LID绩效的时间范围影响。该项目的预期成果将填补lid的知识空白，为其实施提供新的见解，进而加强气候变化下的城市雨水管理。此外，该项目将在尊重公平、多样性和包容性的充满活力的培训环境中创造HQP培训机会。学员将具备未来职业所需的学术知识、技术技能和其他专业技能（如沟通和演讲）。自20世纪90年代lid出现以来，由于lid在城市雨水管理系统中的应用越来越多，需要越来越多具有这些能力的hqp。因此，该项目将为加拿大各级政府、工业界、公众以及其他人士带来与行业相关的技能和经济效益。

Managing stormwater in both quantity and quality is important for sustaining societal functions and healthy ecosystems as stormwater could lead to detrimental effects, such as flooding and water quality degradation in natural water bodies. Urban stormwater has been managed conventionally by the stormwater drainage system and/or the end-of-pipe facility (e.g., stormwater pond). However, the conventional management has been shown inadequate and less effective due to rapid urbanization as well as climate change. Recently, many cities in Canada and beyond have tended to implement Low Impact Development practices (LIDs) including green roofs, bioretention systems, permeable pavements, etc., which are small-scale, flexible, economical, and environmental friendly, to supplement the conventional stormwater management system. In particular, LIDs have been considered as no-regret practices for adapting to climate change, as they are beneficial irrespective of the uncertain future climate. Yet, there are still several barriers to clear before widely implementing them in managing urban stormwater in the face of climate change. These barriers include the lack of knowledge on their long-term performance, and changes in their performance and the associated uncertainty in a changing climate. Accordingly, improved knowledge on LIDs and climate change, and enhanced modeling tools for assessing climate change impacts on LIDs over the time horizon are much desired by engineering practitioners and policy-makers at all levels of government.    Therefore, this proposed program consists of three major components: (1) providing evidence-based knowledge on the long-term performance of LIDs through monitoring and assessment, and developing a model for predicting their long-term performance, (2) advancing knowledge on the temporal evolution and uncertainty of climate projections and in turn improving the statistical downscaling of climate variables for any climate change impact research at the urban scale, and (3) investigating the climate change impacts on LID performance over the time horizon. The expected outcomes of this program will fill the knowledge gaps in LIDs, provide new insights into their implementation, and in turn enhance urban stormwater management in a changing climate.    In addition, this program will create HQP training opportunities in a vibrant training environment that respects equity, diversity and inclusion. The trainees will be equipped with academic knowledge, technical skills and other professional skills (e.g., communication and presentation) required by their future career. Since the emergence of LIDs in the 1990s, more and more HQPs with these competencies are needed due to the increasing applications of LIDs in urban stormwater management systems. Therefore, this program will bring both industry-relevant skills and economic benefits to all levels of Canadian government, industry, the general public, and beyond.