Comprehensive Building Performance Monitoring: Supporting Outcome-Based Design and Construction Provisions

建筑能源消耗占加拿大温室气体排放量的28%。为了减少建筑对环境的影响，改善居住者的健康和舒适度，管理建筑设计的规范和标准正变得越来越严格。在建筑物被占用之前，对这些规定的遵守情况进行了评估，因此我们假设建筑物完全按照设计运行，但事实并非如此。施工、操作和使用者行为的影响导致规定性能与实际性能之间存在差距。这种性能差距造成了严重的后果，包括阻碍了减少建筑物对环境影响的监管努力，影响了高性能建筑评级系统的可信度，并给业主带来了建筑性能和投资长期价值的不确定性。为了消除性能差距，需要对进一步的代码开发进行创新研究。支持基于结果的能源规范的发展的研究是一个优先事项，其中合规是基于实际的入住后性能数据。这种基于结果的方法也可以扩展到管理乘员舒适度和室内空气质量的其他标准。实施这种监管方法的一个关键障碍是缺乏建筑性能数据。这些数据显示了现行规定所产生的业绩，对于为基于结果的办法制定具体和现实的业绩目标至关重要。多伦多正处于房地产繁荣时期，目前新建住宅的最大比例是高层共管公寓。虽然这些高度玻璃化的建筑符合现行规定，但对居住者来说不舒服，一些建筑已经出现了性能问题。鉴于该领域的非凡增长和投资，多伦多新建的高层公寓将成为本研究的重点。然而，这些发现适用于全球人口密度不断增加的城市地区。拟议研究的目的是通过开发和分析案例研究建筑中基于套件的传感器和能量分表的综合长期监测数据，确定不同建筑组件的实际性能和指定性能之间的差距，以创建基于结果的规范和标准。这项研究将产生数据和建议，以支持政策制定者根据实际而不是预计的性能开发更可靠的建筑设计模型。设计界的其他利益相关者（能源建模师、工程师和架构师）将通过访问组件级性能数据来建立他们的模型，从而受益。业主和居住者将受益于一个更舒适和健康的室内环境，可靠地执行规范和标准所设定的水平。

Building energy use is responsible for 28% of Canada's greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce the environmental impact of buildings as well as improve occupant health and comfort, codes and standards governing building design are becoming increasingly stringent. Compliance with these provisions is assessed before the building is occupied and so we assume buildings perform exactly as designed, but this is not the case. The impact of construction, operation and occupant behavior contribute to a gap between specified and actual performance. This performance gap has serious consequences including impeding regulatory efforts to reduce the environmental impact of buildings, affecting the credibility of high performance building rating systems and creating uncertainty for the owners about building performance and the long-term value of their investment. To eliminate performance gaps, innovative research to further code development is required. Research to support the development of outcome-based energy codes, where compliance is based on actual post-occupancy performance data, is a priority. This outcome-based approach can also be extended to other standards governing occupant comfort and indoor air quality. A key barrier to implementing this regulatory approach is the lack of building performance data. These data, demonstrating the performance resulting from current provisions, are essential to set specific and realistic performance goals for outcome-based approaches. Toronto is in the midst of a housing boom and the largest proportion of new dwellings is currently provided by high-rise condominiums. While built to conform to current provisions, these highly-glazed buildings are uncomfortable for occupants and some buildings are already experiencing performance issues. Given the extraordinary growth and investment in this sector, Toronto's newly constructed high-rise condominiums will be the focus of this research. However, the findings are applicable in urban regions around the globe where population densities are increasing.The aim of the proposed research is to determine the gaps between actual and specified performance of different building components by developing and analyzing comprehensive long-term monitoring data from suite-based sensors and energy sub-meters in case study buildings, to create outcome-based codes and standards. This research will result in data and recommendations to support policy makers with the development of a more robust model of building design based on actual rather than projected performance. Other stakeholders in the design community (energy modelers, engineers and architects) will benefit by having access to component-level performance data on which to base their models. Owners and occupants will benefit from a more comfortable and healthy indoor environment that reliably performs to the level set by codes and standards.