Radio Astronomy

有许多美丽的夜空图片。然而，这些图像通常无法传达宇宙的两个基本方面：宇宙中几乎所有的正常物质都是磁性的，宇宙是变化的和动态的。这两个通常隐藏的维度是理解天体物理学中发生的基本过程的关键，包括恒星和星系将物质和能量返回星际和星系间空间的循环，以及恒星结束生命的各种戏剧性方式。布莱恩·根斯勒教授计划改变我们对磁性和不断变化的宇宙的理解。他将使用VLA、CHIME、ASKAP和CHORD射电望远镜将创新的工具和算法应用于革命性的新宽视场调查，目标有两个：1。来解释宇宙是如何变得有磁性的，以及这种磁性是如何演变到今天的。具体来说，Gaensler的目标是确定宇宙磁性的起源，了解这种磁性如何不仅存在，而且在数十亿年的宇宙时间中变得更强，更有组织，并测量整个宇宙中天文物体的精确磁性。产生大量不为人知的时间依赖现象的样本，并揭示整个宇宙中瞬态和爆炸事件所探测的物理过程。Gaensler将利用爆炸和其他快速变化的物体来研究任何地球实验室都无法复制的极端物理和条件，揭示以前未被认识的进化阶段，并发现全新的种群和现象。此外，Gaensler将利用瞬态事件作为宇宙组成和演化的不可测量方面的极好探测器。Gaensler的计划本身就很引人注目，但也为下一代更雄心勃勃的平方公里阵列（SKA）实验提供了关键的探路努力。SKA将在灵敏度、频率覆盖范围和测量速度方面提供一个数量级的飞跃，这里提出的工作将是SKA上磁性和时域科学主要项目的设计和可行性的重要投入。未来几十年将是一个激动人心的时刻，Gaensler将领导关于宇宙磁性起源的基础工作，以及推动天空变化的极端物理学。

There are many beautiful pictures of the night sky. However, these images typically fail to convey two fundamental aspects of the cosmos: almost all the normal matter in the Universe is magnetic, and the Universe is changing and dynamic. These two usually hidden dimensions are key to understanding fundamental processes taking place in astrophysics, including the cycles through which stars and galaxies return matter and energy to interstellar and intergalactic space, and the varied and dramatic ways in which stars end their lives. Professor Bryan Gaensler plans to transform our understanding of the magnetic and changing Universe. He will apply innovative tools and algorithms to revolutionary new wide-field surveys using the VLA, CHIME, ASKAP and CHORD radio telescopes, with two objectives:1. To explain how the cosmos became magnetic, and how this magnetism has evolved through to the present day. Specifically, Gaensler's goals are to determine the origin of cosmic magnetism, to understand how this magnetism has not only survived but become stronger and more organized over billions of years of cosmic time, and to measure the precise magnetic properties of astronomical objects throughout the Universe.2. To produce large samples of poorly understood time-dependent phenomena, and reveal the physical processes probed by transient and explosive events throughout the cosmos. Gaensler will use explosions and other rapidly varying objects to study extreme physics and conditions that cannot be reproduced in any terrestrial laboratory, to reveal both previously unrecognized phases of evolution in otherwise familiar objects, and to discover entirely new populations and phenomena. Furthermore, Gaensler will use transient events as superb probes of otherwise unmeasurable aspects of the Universe's composition and evolution.Gaensler's plans are compelling on their own, but also serve as a crucial pathfinding effort for a future generation of even more ambitious experiments with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). The SKA will offer an order-of-magnitude leap in sensitivity, frequency coverage and survey speed, and the work proposed here will be vital input into the design and feasibility of major programs on magnetism and time-domain science on the SKA. The coming decades will be an exciting time, in which Gaensler is positioned to lead fundamental work on the origin of magnetism in the Universe, and on the extreme physics that drives the changing sky.