From Ancient to Active Earthquakes

加拿大人可能没有意识到，我们大多数人都生活在地震国家，但破坏性的地震是令人惊讶的常见，从西海岸的活跃俯冲板块边界，到对西魁北克地震带的频繁活动知之甚少，以及落基山脉，海洋和远北地区罕见但重大的地震。为了促进全国各地的地震灾害恢复能力，我的目标是通过在地震发生的原因和控制的科学认识的根本进步，并通过在加拿大东部最近的史前地震活动的自信的研究计划作出贡献，同时促进跨学科的沟通和公共宣传。为了实现这些目标，我将追求三个目标：1。了解地震周期的控制，重点是破裂传播和震间愈合，以及这些如何影响地震规模和复发间隔。这些研究利用了对挖掘出来的古代断层带的观察，这些断层带代表了各种各样的深度，温度，岩石类型和构造环境。 2.阐明地震破裂是如何变化的，当它们从地球表面附近的结晶岩石突破到较软的粒状材料时。这些变化不仅影响了地表过去断层的地质记录，而且还控制了场地效应，这些场地效应决定了震动的强度和频率，以及在同一次地震中不同地点的震动如何变化。 3.应用这些方法沿着与地貌分析，以确定最近在西部魁北克地震带（其中包括渥太华和蒙特利尔），地震记录稀少，但迫切需要的地震危险性估计活动断层。 有了这个建议，我的目标是使我的研究计划和免费活动更正视问题，这将使加拿大和世界各地的生活质量产生更大的影响。断层和剪切带的基础地质研究很少涉及地震科学的影响，所以我打算领导结构地质学界解决我们的技能，这方面的迫切需要。近年来，我把我的研究项目定位为观测野外地质学和从事地震科学的其他子学科之间必不可少的和独特的联系，以进行地震危险性估计，这一点在国家和国际层面上的持续模式证明。我在这一领域的社区领导方面采取了重大步骤，领导了NSERC-CREATE提案，共同创办了钻石开放获取期刊，并领导了一个与加拿大地震灾害有关的跨学科工作组。如果成功的话，我的研究小组将通过提供第一个可建模的具体地震源来彻底改变魁北克省的地震危险性估计，同时对深震源过程和破裂传播到地球表面的影响的知识做出根本性贡献。

Canadians may not be aware that most of us live in Earthquake Country, but damaging earthquakes are surprisingly common, from the active subduction plate boundary off the west coast, to the poorly understood frequent activity in the Western Que'bec Seismic Zone, and the rare but significant earthquakes in the Rockies, Maritimes and far North. To promote earthquake hazard resilience across the country, I aim to contribute through fundamental advances in scientific understanding of the causes and controls on earthquake occurrence, and through an assertive research program on recent pre-historic earthquake activity in eastern Canada, while promoting interdisciplinary communication and public outreach. To achieve these aims, I will pursue three Objectives: 1. To understand controls on the earthquake cycle, focusing on rupture propagation and interseismic healing, and how these influence earthquake size and recurrence intervals. These studies leverage observations of exhumed, ancient fault zones which represent a wide variety of depths, temperatures, rock types and tectonic settings. 2. To elucidate how earthquake ruptures change when they break through from crystalline rock to softer granular materials near the Earth's surface. These changes not only affect the geologic record of past faulting at the surface, but they also control site effects that determine the intensity and frequency of shaking and how it varies between locations during the same earthquake. 3. To apply these approaches along with geomorphic analysis to identify recently active faults in the Western Quebec Seismic Zone (which includes Ottawa and Montreal), where earthquake records are sparse but urgently needed for seismic hazard estimation. With this proposal, I aim to align my research program and complimentary activities more squarely with issues that will make a higher impact on the quality of life in Canada and around the world. Fundamental geologic studies on faults and shear zones rarely address implications for earthquake science, so I intend to lead the structural geology community in addressing our skills to this area of pressing need. In recent years, I have positioned my research program as an essential and unique link between observational field geology and other subdisciplines engaged in earthquake science toward seismic hazard estimation, as evidenced by a sustained pattern of recognitions at national and international levels. I have taken major steps in community leadership in this area, leading an NSERC-CREATE proposal, co-founding a Diamond Open Access journal, and leading an interdisciplinary working group related to Canadian earthquake hazard. If successful, my research group will revolutionize seismic hazard estimation in Québec by providing the first modellable specific earthquake sources, while making fundamental contributions to knowledge of the deep earthquake source processes and the effects of rupture propagation to Earth's surface.