Earthquake Geology

加拿大人可能没有意识到我们大多数人都生活在“地震之国”，但破坏性的地震却出奇地普遍，从西海岸活跃的俯冲板块边界，到人们知之甚少的西quamezbec地震带频繁活动，以及在海洋和遥远的北方发生的罕见但重大的地震。为了在全国范围内提高地震灾害的恢复能力，我的目标是通过对地震发生的原因和控制的科学理解的根本性进步，并通过一个旨在了解加拿大东部最近的史前地震活动的坚定计划，促进跨学科的交流和公众宣传。为了实现这些目标，我将追求三个目标：了解对地震周期的控制，重点关注破裂传播和震间愈合，以及它们如何影响地震大小和复发间隔。这一研究路线源于这样一种认识，即岩石和构造断层的强度最终是在单个矿物颗粒和颗粒边界的尺度上控制的。进行这些研究的唯一途径是研究已发掘的古老断裂带，这些断裂带代表了各种深度、温度、岩石类型和构造环境。2. 为了阐明地震破裂是如何变化的，当它们从结晶岩石突破到地球表面附近较软的颗粒材料时。这些变化不仅影响地表过去断层的地质记录，而且还控制着决定地震强度和频率的场地效应，以及即使在同一次地震中，不同地点之间的变化。3. 开发概念性工具，帮助地球科学家从断层观测中获得更有意义的认识。几十年来的术语问题和继承的范式阻碍了地震科学不同领域之间的交流。通过跨学科的讨论小组、团队数据库和综述论文，我正在努力综合现有的知识，并简化有用的和可概括的术语。

Canadians may not be aware that most of us live in Earthquake Country, but damaging earthquakes are surprisingly common, from the active subduction plate boundary off the west coast, to the poorly understood frequent activity in the Western Québec Seismic Zone, and the rare but significant earthquakes in the Maritimes and far North. To promote earthquake hazard resilience across the country, I aim to contribute through fundamental advances in scientific understanding of the causes and controls on earthquake occurrence, and through an assertive program aimed at understanding recent pre-historic earthquake activity in eastern Canada and promoting interdisciplinary communication and public outreach. To achieve these aims, I will pursue three aims:1. To understand controls on the earthquake cycle, focussing on rupture propagation and interseismic healing, and how these influence earthquake size and recurrence intervals. This line of research arises from the recognition that the strength of rocks, and of tectonic faults, is ultimately controlled at the scale of individual mineral grains and grain boundaries. The only way to pursue these studies is to study exhumed, ancient fault zones which represent a wide variety of depths, temperatures, rock types and tectonic settings. 2. To elucidate how earthquake ruptures change when they break through from crystalline rock to softer granular materials near the Earth's surface. These changes not only affect the geologic record of past faulting at the surface, but they also control site effects that determine the intensity and frequency of shaking and how it varies between locations even during the same earthquake. 3. To develop conceptual tools that help geoscientists extract more meaningful understanding from observations of faults. Decades-old jargon problems and inherited paradigms frustrate the communication between different fields in earthquake science. Through interdisciplinary discussion groups and team databases and review papers, I am leading an effort to synthesize available knowledge and streamline useful and generalizable terminology.