Earthquake Geology

地震地质学

• 批准号: CRC-2021-00093
• 负责人: Rowe, Christie
• 金额: $ 7.29万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Canada Research Chairs
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=750867
• 关键词: Earthquake; Geology

Canadians may not be aware that most of us live in Earthquake Country, but damaging earthquakes are surprisingly common, from the active subduction plate boundary off the west coast, to the poorly understood frequent activity in the Western Québec Seismic Zone, and the rare but significant earthquakes in the Maritimes and far North. To promote earthquake hazard resilience across the country, I aim to contribute through fundamental advances in scientific understanding of the causes and controls on earthquake occurrence, and through an assertive program aimed at understanding recent pre-historic earthquake activity in eastern Canada and promoting interdisciplinary communication and public outreach. To achieve these aims, I will pursue three aims:1. To understand controls on the earthquake cycle, focussing on rupture propagation and interseismic healing, and how these influence earthquake size and recurrence intervals. This line of research arises from the recognition that the strength of rocks, and of tectonic faults, is ultimately controlled at the scale of individual mineral grains and grain boundaries. The only way to pursue these studies is to study exhumed, ancient fault zones which represent a wide variety of depths, temperatures, rock types and tectonic settings. 2. To elucidate how earthquake ruptures change when they break through from crystalline rock to softer granular materials near the Earth's surface. These changes not only affect the geologic record of past faulting at the surface, but they also control site effects that determine the intensity and frequency of shaking and how it varies between locations even during the same earthquake. 3. To develop conceptual tools that help geoscientists extract more meaningful understanding from observations of faults. Decades-old jargon problems and inherited paradigms frustrate the communication between different fields in earthquake science. Through interdisciplinary discussion groups and team databases and review papers, I am leading an effort to synthesize available knowledge and streamline useful and generalizable terminology.

加拿大人可能没有意识到，我们大多数人都生活在地震国家，但破坏性的地震是惊人的普遍，从西海岸的活跃俯冲板块边界，到魁北克西部地震带的鲜为人知的频繁活动，以及在滨海省和远北地区罕见但重大的地震。为了促进全国各地的地震灾害恢复能力，我的目标是通过在地震发生的原因和控制的科学认识的根本进步，并通过一个自信的计划，旨在了解最近在加拿大东部的史前地震活动，促进跨学科的沟通和公共宣传作出贡献。 为了实现这些目标，我将追求三个目标：1。了解地震周期的控制，重点是破裂传播和震间愈合，以及这些如何影响地震规模和复发间隔。这一研究路线源于这样一种认识，即岩石和构造断层的强度最终控制在单个矿物颗粒和颗粒边界的尺度上。 进行这些研究的唯一方法是研究挖掘出来的古代断层带，这些断层带代表了各种各样的深度，温度，岩石类型和构造环境。2.阐明地震破裂是如何变化的，当它们从地球表面附近的结晶岩石突破到较软的粒状材料时。 这些变化不仅影响了地表过去断层的地质记录，而且还控制了场地效应，这些场地效应决定了震动的强度和频率，以及即使在同一次地震中，不同地点之间的震动如何变化。3.开发概念工具，帮助地球科学家从断层观测中提取更有意义的理解。几十年的术语问题和继承的范式阻碍了地震科学不同领域之间的交流。通过跨学科的讨论小组和团队数据库和审查文件，我正在努力综合现有的知识和精简有用的和可推广的术语。