Requirements Engineering for Emerging Healthcare Software Systems

2016年，加拿大在医疗保健方面花费了2280亿加元，其中70%来自政府。医疗保健管理人员正在增加其信息技术（IT）预算，以科普新法规、新融资模式、不断发展的技术和人口老龄化，从而对新的或改进的医疗保健软件系统提出了高需求。然而，在医疗保健和其他领域，许多IT项目都失败了，往往导致大量预算浪费和许多利益相关者不满。定义不明确和不断变化的需求通常是失败和额外费用/延迟的主要原因。与此同时，医疗保健提供商也在考虑大数据、人工智能、决策/预测分析、移动的应用、云存储/计算、区块链、5G和物联网（IoT）提供的新技术机会。在这种情况下，迫切需要改进我们的需求工程（RE）实践，符号和工具，并使其适应医疗保健的特殊性，以促进医疗保健组织的采用，并贡献RE知识，以提高医疗软件系统开发和集成成功的可能性。该研究计划旨在了解加拿大医疗保健领域目前的RE实践并确定改进的机会，重点是需求建模活动。它还旨在定制和推广新的建模实践，符号和工具，以提高医疗保健中的RE效率和有效性，并在真实的环境中对其进行评估。这些目标将通过开发，定制和评估技术来实现，例如物联网医疗系统的数据驱动需求建模和物联网（作为实现适应的信息来源），云和社交媒体上的需求挖掘，多发病患者的临床流程集成以及社区医院的卫生系统集成。现有的专门知识与用户需求符号标准和相关工具的目标/过程建模和分析将被用来作为一个起点，一些项目。与来自安大略和魁北克的6家医院和诊所的从业人员以及工业合作伙伴的合作将为成功的计划带来关键贡献者。这项研究将能够在医疗保健领域引入新的RE实践，并间接地提高即将到来的医疗保健软件系统项目成功的可能性，节省主要预算（为政府和行业节省数百万美元），并提高利益相关者（包括患者，从业人员，软件开发人员，管理人员和纳税人）的满意度。该计划将对加拿大人的生活质量和健康产生积极影响，同时在一个令人兴奋的多学科领域培养许多学生，这些学生的技能需求非常高。

In 2016, Canada spent $228 billion on healthcare, with 70% of that amount coming from governments. Healthcare administrators are increasing their Information Technology (IT) budgets to cope with new regulations, new funding models, evolving technologies, and aging populations, resulting in high demands for new or improved healthcare software systems. Yet, many IT projects fail, in healthcare and elsewhere, often leading to much budget waste and many dissatisfied stakeholders. Poorly-defined and changing requirements are often a major cause of failures and additional expenses/delays. Meanwhile, healthcare providers are also considering new technology opportunities offered by Big Data, artificial intelligence, decision/predictive analytics, mobile applications, cloud storage/computing, blockchains, 5G, and the Internet of Things (IoT). In this context, there is an urgent need to improve our Requirements Engineering (RE) practices, notations, and tools and adapt them to the specificities of healthcare, to promote their adoption among healthcare organizations, and to contribute RE knowledge that will improve the likelihood of success during the development and integration of healthcare software systems.This research program aims to understand current RE practices in Canadian healthcare and determine opportunities for improvement, with a focus on requirements modelling activities. It also aims to customize and promote novel modelling practices, notations, and tools to improve RE efficiency and effectiveness in healthcare, and to evaluate them in real settings. These goals will be met through the development, customization, and evaluation of techniques such as data-driven requirements modeling for IoT healthcare systems and with IoT (as a source of information enabling adaptation), requirements mining on the cloud and social media, clinical process integration for multi-morbidity patients, and health system integration in community hospitals. Existing expertise with the User Requirements Notation standard and related tools for goal/process modelling and analysis will be used as a start point for some projects. Collaboration with practitioners from 6 hospitals and clinics located in Ontario and Québec and with industrial partners will bring key contributors to a successful program. This research will enable the introduction of novel RE practices in healthcare and indirectly the likelihood of success of upcoming healthcare software system projects, of major budget savings (millions of dollars for governments and industry), and of increased satisfaction of stakeholders (including patients, practitioners, software developers, managers, and taxpayers). This program will have a positive impact on the quality of life and health of Canadians, while training many students in an exciting and multi-disciplinary area with skills that are in very high demand.