Balancing Digital Technologies and Cyber risks for Small Modular Reactors in Remote Environments

小型模块化反应堆(SMR)正在加拿大取得进展，要求在安大略省的达林顿工地开始建设，在萨斯喀彻温省选择工地，并表示对新不伦瑞克和艾伯塔省感兴趣。所有潜在的工作人员-管理层关系设计预计都会有一些共同的方面，包括数字化(控制室、外地通信)、减少工作人员人数以及使用先进的通信设备(智能设备、远程监测)。预计运行环境将与目前的核电站(NPP)有很大不同，因此这将影响培训方法和技能要求。SMR的员工可能工厂较小，因此需要处理的零部件较少，但可能需要更高的跨学科技能，并且更依赖自动化系统、机器学习工具和人工智能算法来维护和运营SMR。了解新设计的影响对于了解人类表现可能受到的影响非常重要。随着预计将纳入工作人员-管理层关系的现有信息技术的急剧变化以及当地工作环境的影响，预计将对如何使用信息技术的性质和人类操作员的作用产生相应的重大影响。这项建议旨在研究发展信息技术对SMR设计的影响，同时纳入当地环境(偏远地点、通信不畅)的影响。工作应考虑与新技术相关的好处和可能的挑战，目的是确定潜在的解决方案、适当的标准化领域以及法规在未来SMR设计中可能需要发挥的作用。

Small Modular Reactors (SMR) are moving forward in Canada with a request to start construction at The Darlington site in Ontario, selection of sites in Saskatchewan, and expressions of interest in New Brunswick and Alberta. All of the potential SMR designs are expected to have some common aspects which include digitization (control rooms, field communications), reduction in staff levels, and use of advanced communication devices (Smart devices, remote monitoring). The operations environment is expected to be significantly different than for current Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) and thus this will impact training methods and skill requirements. Employees for SMRs may have a smaller plant and thus less components to deal with but are likely going to need higher inter-disciplinary skills and have a stronger dependency on automated systems, machine learning tools and artificial intelligence algorithms for maintenance and operation of SMRs. Understanding the impact of new designs is important to understand how human performance may be impacted. With the dramatic shift in the available information technology (IT) that is expected to be incorporated into an SMR and the impact of the local working environment, it is expected there will be a corresponding significant impact on the nature of how the IT technology will be used and the role of the human operator. This proposal is to study the impact of developing IT on SMR design while incorporating the impact of the local environment (remote sites, poor communications). The work shall consider the benefits and likely challenges associated with the new technologies with the intent of identified potential solutions, appropriate areas to standardize and what the role regulations may need to play in the future SMR designs.