Putting interfaces at work

所有材料、废水和气体排放的充分回收是一个不可逆转的趋势。成功需要新的加工技术。现有的加工技术已经达到了极限，或者只是所需的工艺还不存在。新的高性能材料将成为改造的核心，允许生产额外的轻型结构，使用比目前使用的材料少得多的材料来提供类似甚至更好的性能。该计划旨在利用界面（液-液和气-液）结合其与具有特定表面特性的颗粒的亲和力来开发高选择性回收技术或构建具有极端孔隙度的高性能材料，从而最大限度地减少所需资源的量化。申请人是固体稳定乳剂（又名sse或Pickering乳剂）和泡沫加工方面的专家。SSE是当细颗粒（微米到纳米级）附着在界面上时产生的。颗粒的表面化学性质，结合水和油的化学性质，对于最终结果是SSE至关重要。在常规制备sse时，可以选择每种成分（水、油和颗粒）的所有化学条件，从而生成乳液。到目前为止，已生产出用于化妆品、制药、化学和炼油等行业的sse。可以制备两种主要类型的乳液，即低浓度和高浓度，两者之间的边界位于相同球体的最大填充分数处，约为分散相的65%。低于此值，我们将乳剂命名为ses，而高于此值，我们将高内相乳剂命名为spe - ses。泡沫也是如此，用气体和液体代替两种液体。触发该计划的两个主要想法是，首先，低分散含量的sse可以用于在分离过程中收集感兴趣的颗粒，其次，HIPE sse可以提供构建高多孔材料的模板。在这两种情况下，方法都是调查潜在应用程序所需的处理，并最终确定大规模应用程序的真正潜力。当含油量保持在体积的40%以下时，ssi通过控制油和水相的化学性质，使其对目标颗粒具有吸引力，从而有可能选择性地分离研磨/粉碎的材料（原矿、再生塑料或生物材料、玻璃等）。在高油体积含量（HIPE-SSE）条件下，液滴与邻近的液滴接触，液滴之间的界面提供了连续的颗粒结构。这些乳剂的后续处理可以将颗粒结构转化为固体材料，在去除油相和水相之后，所得固体具有高度多孔性。

Full recycling of all the materials, waste waters, and gaseous emissions is an irreversible trend. New processing technologies are required to succeed. The existing processing techniques have reached their limit or simply the processes required do not exist yet. New, high-performance materials will be at the core of the transformation, allowing for extra light structures to be produced, making use of much less materials than what is currently used to provide similar and even superior properties. The proposed program aims at using interfaces (Liquid-Liquid and Gas-liquid) in combination with their affinity with particles having specific surface properties to develop high-selectivity recycling technologies or build high-performance materials with extreme porosity that will minimize the quantify of resources required. The applicant is an expert in the processing of solid-stabilized emulsions (AKA SSEs or Pickering emulsions) and foams. SSE are produced when fine particles (micron- to nano-sized) attach at an interface. The surface chemistry of the particles, combined to the water and the oil chemistry, is crucial for the final result to be a SSE. When conventionally preparing SSEs, it is possible to select all the chemical conditions of each constituent (water, oil and particles) so that an emulsion is produced. So far, SSEs have been produced to be used as is in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, chemical, and oil refining industries. Two main types of emulsions can be prepared i.e. low and high concentrations where the frontier between the two sits at the maximum packing fraction of identical spheres, around 65% of dispersed phase. Below this value, we name the emulsions SSEs while above, we use HIPE-SSEs for High Internal Phase Emulsions SSEs. The same can be said of foams were gas a liquid are used instead of two liquids. The two main ideas that triggered this program is first that low dispersed content SSEs could be used to harvest particles of interest in separation processes and second that HIPE SSEs could provide templates to build highly porous materials. In both cases, the approach is to investigate the processing required for the potential applications and eventually determine the real potential for such applications at large scale. When the oil content is kept below 40% in volume, SSEs offer the potential to selectively separate ground/crushed materials (raw ore, recycled plastics or biomaterials, glass, .) by controlling the chemistry of the oil and the water phases to make them attractive to the particles targeted. At high oil volume content (HIPE-SSE), the drops are in contact with their neighbours and the interface between the drops offers a continuous structure of particles. Subsequent processing of these emulsions may transform the particles structure into a solid material, after removal of the oil and the water phases with the resulting solid being highly porous.