Coupled problems for aircraft aerodynamics

加拿大航空运输业正面临两个重要挑战，一个是解决足迹减少的问题，另一个是激烈的商业竞争。在认证和交付给客户之前，飞机设计流程涵盖了从概念到初步和详细(即多保真)设计阶段的所有要求(技术、环境和成本，即多学科)。为此，该计划旨在向数字飞机模型发展多保真多学科飞机空气动力学领域的知识。这里的多学科是专门以空气动力学为中心的，其中空气动力学模型耦合到i)热力学、ii)n自由度和iii)弹性模型，以分别允许结冰、极限环/发散表征和颤振分析，这些都是新飞机设计中的重要驱动因素。采用非定常/定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes耦合湍流模型(HIGH)和非线性涡格法(Low)与RANS数据库(MEDIA)相结合的多保真度方法，包括几何表示的改进。该研究方法结合数值和实验发展以确保数值算法和模型的适当验证。该计划依赖于协作：首先，合作者是某一学科的专家，确保采用最先进的方法；其次，在实验和超级计算环境中，以最小的成本明智地利用预算和突出的繁重的国家设施。申请人专注于开发新的数值耦合算法，用于设计更高效的飞机所需的多学科气动分析，在包含结冰、动态和弹性现象的亚音速和跨音速流区观察到非定常现象。重点是在确保下游产业兼容性的同时，使用最适合单一学科任务的工具的分离方法。数值算法是在申请实验室的2D URANS和3D UVLM解算器以及3D欧洲URANS解算器NSMB内开发的。合作者补充了申请者在振动、水平设置和工厂重新配置领域的飞机空气动力学专业知识。实际的、有针对性的新颖应用在流量控制领域，例如用于机翼-副翼系统或重新配置的多模式非线性能量汇，以及飞机结冰认证程序。国际实习和双学位文凭将加强研究生在数字和实验方法方面的培训。预计该研究计划将为加拿大和国外的更高技术准备水平的发展提供工业合作研究发展赠款。

The Canadian air transport industry is facing two important challenges, one addressing reduced footprint, the other intense commercial competition. Aircraft design process thrives to encompass all requirements (technical, environmental and costs, i.e. multidisciplinary) during the design workflow from conceptual to preliminary and detailed (i.e. multi-fidelity) design phases prior to certification and delivery to customers.To that end, the program aims at developing knowledge in the area of multi-fidelity multidisciplinary aircraft aerodynamics towards digital aircraft models. Multidisciplinary here is purposely aerodynamic-centered, where aerodynamic models are coupled to i) thermodynamic, ii) n-Degree of Freedom and iii) elastic models to allow respectively icing, limit cycle/divergence characterization and flutter analysis that are important drivers in novel aircraft designs. Multi-fidelity is approached with Unsteady/Steady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes coupled to turbulence models (high) and Non-Linear Vortex Lattice methods (low) coupled with RANS database (medium), including advancements in geometry representations.The research methodology combines numerical and experimental developments to ensure appropriate validation of the numerical algorithms and models. The program relies on collaboration: first, collaborators are experts in one discipline, ensuring state-of-the-art approaches; second, the budget is wisely leveraged with outstanding onerous national facilities at minimal costs for the experimental and supercomputing environments. The applicant concentrates on the development of novel numerical coupling algorithms for the multi-disciplinary aerodynamic analyses necessary for the design of more efficient aircraft where unsteady phenomena are observed in subsonic and transonic flow regimes containing icing, dynamic and elastic phenomena. Emphasis is on segregated approaches to use the most appropriate tool for the single-disciplinary tasks while ensuring downstream industrial compatibility. Numerical algorithms are developed within the applicant laboratory 2D URANS and 3D UVLM solvers, as well as within the 3D European URANS solver NSMB. Collaborators complement the applicant's aircraft aerodynamic expertise in the fields of vibration, level-set and plant reconfiguration. Practical targeted novel applications are in the area of flow control, such as multi-modal Non-Linear Energy Sinks for wing-aileron systems or reconfiguration, as well as aircraft icing certification procedures. International internships and dual-degree diplomas will augment training of graduate students in numerical and experimental approaches. It is expected that the research program lead to industrial Collaborative Research Development grants for development at higher Technology Readiness Levels both in Canada and abroad.