Canadian flood risk-sharing models in the face of climate change

洪水是加拿大最常见和最昂贵的自然灾害。由于气候变化和高风险洪水地区的持续城市化，加拿大社区的安全受到越来越大的威胁。因此，加拿大近十分之一的家庭面临洪水的风险。为了提高加拿大对洪水和气候变化的适应能力，来自quituredu quimubec montracimal大学、Laval大学和Waterloo大学的研究人员与加拿大公共安全部和加拿大保险局合作，为加拿大洪水风险的金融风险管理开发了基于科学的可行解决方案，并加速了这些解决方案在该国的实施。我们深深植根于精算和气候科学，我们将创造创新的方法来确定(1)联邦，省和地区（FPT）政府以及市政当局和保险业应该如何在当前加拿大的背景下（立法，环境等）分担洪水造成的经济损失；(2)考虑到气候变化，未来我们应该为洪水支付多少费用；(3)气候变化应如何影响金融风险分担和风险管理战略，以确保加拿大可行、稳定和理想的自筹资金体系。通过由加拿大公共安全部领导的洪水保险和搬迁跨学科工作组的工作，该研究项目将反过来成为FPT政府考虑的备选方案的基础，以提高加拿大对洪水和气候变化的适应能力。在应用精算专业技能的同时，研究学员将获得有关（物理）洪水过程、适应气候变化和洪水保险的重要见解。随着气候变化逐渐被保险监管机构和公共政策考虑在内，研究培训生和工作人员将更有能力成为公共/私营部门的国际领导者，如研究精算师、巨灾风险建模师、气候数据科学家、洪水风险管理人员或治理和政策专家。

Flooding is the most common and costly natural hazard in Canada. Because of climate change and continued urbanization in high-risk flood areas, there is a growing threat to the safety of Canadian communities. As a result, nearly one-in-ten households in Canada is at risk of flooding. To increase Canada's resilience to flooding and climate change, researchers from the Université du Québec à Montréal, Université Laval and the University of Waterloo have partnered with Public Safety Canada and the Insurance Bureau of Canada to develop science-based viable solutions for financial risk management of flood risk in Canada and to accelerate the implementation of these solutions in the country.Deeply rooted in actuarial and climate sciences, we will create innovative methodologies to determine (1) how the federal, provincial and territorial (FPT) governments as well as municipalities and the insurance industry should contribute to share financial losses from flooding in the current Canadian context (legislative, environmental, etc.); (2) how much we should expect to pay for flooding in the future accounting for climate change; and, (3) how climate change should shape financial risk-sharing and risk management strategies to assure a viable, stable and ideally self-financing system in Canada. Through the work of the interdisciplinary Task Force on Flood Insurance and Relocation led by Public Safety Canada, this research project will in turn form the basis of considered options by FPT governments to increase Canada's resilience to flooding and climate change.While applying their technical skills in actuarial science, the research trainees will gain important insights about (physical) flood processes, adaptation to climate change and flood insurance. As climate change is gradually being factored in by insurance regulators and public policies, research trainees and staff will be better positioned to become international leaders in the public/private sectors such as research actuaries, catastrophe risk modellers, climate data scientists, flood risk managers or governance and policy experts.