L2M NSERC - Novel Glass Polyalkenoate Cement for the Treatment of Metastatic Bone Cancer.

癌细胞可以在骨骼中转移，发病率取决于原发肿瘤的位置：65-75%乳腺癌; 65-75%前列腺癌和30-40%肺癌。国际癌症研究机构估计，2020年新发癌症病例为1930万例，其中肺癌（11.6%），乳房（11.6%），前列腺（7.3%）是最常见的四种癌症之一，这表明大多数晚期癌症患者患转移性骨癌的风险很高。转移性骨癌干扰骨重建过程，通常导致骨吸收增加;这导致这些已经病态的患者经历剧烈疼痛和遭受尿道相关事件（SRE）的威胁，这是一系列增加死亡率的并发症;最令人担忧的是病理性骨折。此外，其相关的医疗保健成本相当可观，与未遇到SRE的患者相比，平均额外成本为67，257美元/年，这归因于ER和医生就诊次数增加、住院时间延长、填充药物数量等。因此，减轻SRE的发展对于转移性骨癌患者的护理至关重要，其通过减少骨吸收和治疗潜在的恶性肿瘤来实现。玻璃聚烯烃酸盐粘固剂（GPC）用于牙科和耳、鼻、喉（ENT）外科手术。它们通过离聚物生物活性玻璃和聚丙烯酸水溶液之间的酸碱反应来设置。此外，玻璃相可以被定制以释放具有特定性质的离子阵列。例如，在其离子形式中，镓（Ga）已被证明具有抗肿瘤作用和延缓骨吸收的能力。我们的研究小组基于一种新型专利（US 10/815，144）生物活性玻璃重新设计了专门用于腕部骨折固定的牙科GPC。这种玻璃的改性产生了GPC，其具有提供局部剂量的Ga的能力以及抑制癌症活性、提供结构支撑、改善患者的结果和降低医疗保健成本的潜力。

Cancer cells can metastasize in the skeleton, with incidence depending on the location of the primary tumour: 65-75% breast; 65-75% prostate and 30-40% lung. The International Agency for Research on Cancer estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases in 2020, of which lung (11.6%), breast (11.6%), and prostate (7.3%) were among the top four most common cancers, suggesting that majority of patients suffering from advanced cancers are at high risk of developing metastatic bone cancer.Metastatic bone cancers interfere with the bone remodelling process, often resulting in increased bone resorption; this causes these already morbid patients to experience severe pain and the threat of suffering from skeletal-related events (SREs), which are an array of complications which increase mortality; the most concerning being a pathological fracture. Moreover, their associated healthcare costs are considerable, with a mean additional cost of 67,257USD/year compared to patients who do not encounter SREs, attributed to an increased number of ER and physician visits, longer hospital stays, number of medications filled, etc. Therefore, mitigating the development of SREs is critical for the care of metastatic bone cancer patients, which is achieved by reducing bone resorption and treating the underlying malignancy.Glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) are employed in both dentistry and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeries. They set by an acid-base reaction between an ionomeric bioactive glass and aqueous polyacrylic acid. Furthermore, the glass phase can be tailored to release an array of ions that possess specific properties. For instance, in its ionic form, gallium (Ga) has demonstrated antitumour effects and the ability to retard bone resorption. Our research group has re-engineered dental GPCs specifically for wrist fracture fixation based on a novel, patented (US 10/815,144) bioactive glass. Modification of this glass had yielded a GPC with the ability to supply a localized dosage of Ga and the potential to suppress cancer activity, provide structural support, improve patients' outcomes, and reduce healthcare costs.